TOTAL ELBOW REPLACEMENT FOR DISTAL HUMERAL FRACTURES

Abstract

Aim: To study the role of total elbow replacement in the management of distal humeral fractures in elderly patients.

Patients and methods: Between 1995 and 2003, 25 consecutive patients with fractures of the distal humerus were treated by primary total elbow replacement using the Coonrad-Morrey prosthesis. All surgeries were performed by one of the senior authors in two centers in South Wales. There were 18 females and 7 males and none of them had inflammatory or degenerative arthritis of the elbow. The mean age at the time of injury was 78 years (68–84). According to the AO classification, 16 patients had suffered a C3 injury, five type B3 and three type A3. One fracture was unclassified. The mean time to follow-up was 4 years (1–9 years).

Results: At follow-up 19 patients (76%) reported no pain, five (20%) had mild pain with activity and one had mild pain at rest. The mean flexion arc was 28 degrees to 105 degrees. The mean supination was 69 degrees (50–90) and pronation 70 degrees (50–80). No elbow was unstable. Mean Mayo elbow performance score was 71.5(25–100). Four patients (16%) developed ulnar neuropraxia following surgery that improved with time, 2 patients developed superficial wound infection (staphylococcus aureus), which was treated with antibiotics only. None of the above elbows required revision to date. Radiological evaluation revealed only one patient with a radio-lucent line at the cement -bone interface. It was between 1 and 2mm in length, was present on the initial postoperative radiograph and was non-progressive at the time of follow-up.

Conclusion: Primary total elbow arthroplasty is an acceptable option for the management of comminuted fractures of the distal humerus in elderly patients when the configuration of the fracture and the quality of the bone make reconstruction difficult.