This retrospective study was to investigate radiographic and clinical outcomes in treatment of hip instability in children and young adults undergoing periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) with or without femoral osteotomy. 19 patients (21 hips) with CP were treated with PAO with or without femoral osteotomy The mean age was 16.2 years old (7 to 28 years). Five patients (5 hips) received PAO, Six patients (7 hips) PAO with femoral derotation osteotomy, Eight patients (9 hips) PAO with varus derotational osteotomy (VDRO). Anteroposterior pelvic radiographs and CT were taken to assess the migration percentage (MP), lateral center-edge angle (LCEA), Sharp angle, femoral neck anteversion, neck-shaft angle. Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) was assessed pre- and post-surgery. Complications were recorded. The mean follow-up time was 41.2 months (range, 24 to 86 months). All hips but one were pain free at final visit. The GMFCS improved by one level in 10 of 19 patients. MP improved from a mean of 76.6% to 18.6% at the final follow-up(p<0.001). The mean pre-operative LCEA and Sharp angle were −33.5 ? and 35 ? respectively, improved to 21.5 ? and 11.8 ? at the final follow-up (p < 0.001). There were six patients (7 hips) had re-subluxation at latest follow-up. Nervus cutaneus femoris lateralis was impaired in four patients after surgery. There was no re-dislocation, AVN, or infections in this group. Satisfactory clinical and radiologic results can be obtained by PAO with or without femoral osteotomy minor complications

Objective. In total knee arthroplasty, three-dimensional “criss-cross” line locate femoral osteotomy and conventional osteotomy were used. By comparing the two methods osteotomy in patients before and after surgery and imaging-related information data, to evaluate the recent post operative efficacy, at the same time to find out if there has clinical evidence that three-dimensional “criss-cross” line locate femoral osteotomy can be used in total knee arthroplasty. Methods. From July 2012 to July 2014, 64 patients who undertook the artificial total knee arthroplasty were divided into 2 groups: conventional osteotomy group(group A)and three-dimensional “criss-cross” line locate femoral osteotomy group(group B). In the X-ray of the two groups, it was measured that the hip-knee-ankle angle and the joint gap symmetry of 90°flexion degree. It was also measured that the two group joints range of motion. Those data were statistically analyzed. The KSS score of the two groups were compared. Results. In Group B the excellent and good rate was 93.8%, and Group A was 81.3%. The postoperative results of Group A were relatively better than Group B in limb alignment and joint mobility. There were significant differences between the prosthesis placement of the two group patients. Conclusion. The Short-term results of the three-dimensional “criss-cross” line locate femoral osteotomy group was better than the conventional osteotomy group. The reference osteotomy method of three-dimensional “criss-cross” line is very helpful to have a good result in TKA

Purpose. Proximal femoral osteotomy is an attractive joint preservation procedure for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cause of failure of proximal femoral osteotomy in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Patients and Methods. Between 2008 and 2014, proximal femoral osteotomy was performed by one surgeon in 13 symptomatic hips. Ten trans-trochanteric rotational osteotomies (anterior: 7, posterior: 3) and 3 intertrochanteric curved varus osteotomy were performed. Of the patients, 9 were male and 1 was female, with a mean age at surgery of 36.9 years (range, 25–55 years). The mean postoperative follow-up period was 38 months (range, 12–72 months). Three patients (4 hips) had steroid-induced osteonecrosis, and 7 (9 hips) had alcohol-associated osteonecrosis. At 6 postoperative weeks, partial weight bearing was permitted with the assistance of 2 crutches. At more than 6 postoperative months, full weight bearing was permitted. Patients who had the potential to achieve acetabular coverage of more than one-third of the intact articular surface on preoperative hip radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging were considered suitable for this operation. A clinical evaluation using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system and a radiologic evaluation were performed. Clinical failure was defined as conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) or progression to head collapse and osteoarthritis. The 13 hips were divided into two groups, namely the failure and success groups. Results. The mean preoperative JOA score was 59 points. The score in the success group (7 hips) improved to 89 points at the time of final follow-up. In the failure group (6 hips), 5 hips were converted to THA because of progression to secondary collapse or osteoarthritis in a mean postoperative period of 35 months (range, 24–51 months). After converting to THA, good clinical and radiographic results were achieved, except in 1 patient who had incomprehensible severe pain around the affected hip. Advanced osteoarthritis was observed in 1 hip awaiting THA. Various factors cause failure of proximal femoral osteotomy, such as difficulty in controlling the underlying disease with less than 10 mg of steroid (Fig. 1), overuse of the affected hip within 6 postoperative months without the physician's consent, vascular occlusion after total necrosis of the femoral head as a result of damage to the nutritional vessel during or after the operation, and incorrect judgement of the indication of the operation and the extent of the intact load-bearing area. Conclusion. We think that full weight bearing should be permitted postoperatively only after more than 6 months, and heavy work and sport, only after more than 1 year. Efforts should be made to improve surgeons' skill in proximal femoral osteotomy and accurate judgement of imaging data. For steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head, proximal femoral osteotomy is an acceptable procedure for relieving pain if the underlying disease can be controlled with not more than 5 mg of steroid

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of previous femoral osteotomy on the outcome of total hip replacement performed for degenerative arthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip. Eighty three primary total hip arthroplasties were performed in sixty-nine patients with osteoarthritis secondary to developmental hip dysplasia (DDH) with a minimum three year follow up. Twenty six hips had undergone previous femoral osteotomy (eleven hips, femoral osteotomy alone (FO); fifteen hips, combined femoral and pelvic osteotomy and fifty-seven hips, no previous surgery. The non operative patients with DDH served as an age and sex matched control group (control). Cementless arthroplasty was performed in seventy-eight hips. The mean duration from femoral osteotomy to primary THA was 22.9 years. The mean follow up was 7.6 years (FO) and 7.2 years (control). The overall revision rate was 15.4 % (FO) and 21.1 % in the Control group (p> 0.05). Twenty-one hips had one or more complications during or after surgery. The FO group had a higher femoral fracture rate (23.1%) compared to controls (10.5%) (p< 0.05). At latest mean follow-up (7.4 yrs (range, two to sixteen)), the mean Harris hip score was eighty-five (FO) and eighty-five (control group) (p> 0.05). The function and pain scores in the femoral osteotomy group were similar to the controls (p> 0.05). The requirement for bone grafting was similar and operative time significantly greater (FO) compared to controls. The frequency of radiolucent lines around the femoral component in the FO group (36%) was significantly higher than the control group (12.2%) (p< 0.05). Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier method. At ten years, the survival of the acetabular component was 84.6%/73.6% and for the femoral component 92.2%/96% in the FO/control group. Patients with a prior femoral osteotomy have no significant difference in functional outcome, overall complication rate or revision rate compared to controls. However, there is a significant increase in femoral fracture and operative time. Previous femoral osteotomy does not compromise the functional outcome of subsequent total hip arthroplasty

Introduction: We describe the successful treatment of advanced Perthes’ disease in 5 patients using a combined pelvic and femoral osteotomy. To our knowledge, there are no reports in orthopaedic literature describing simultaneous pelvic and femoral osteotomy as treatment for healed Perthes disease. Method: There were 4 males and 1 female, age range 10 years to 18 years (mean 13 years). All five patients were rated as Stulberg IV. We used a Tonnis pelvic osteotomy and a 20° valgus femoral osteotomy. Clinical parameters, measured pre and post operatively, included range of movement, Harris hip and pain scores (patient and parent perception of pain on an analogue scoring system). Results: The mean improvement in Harris hip score was 30 points and the mean reduction in pain score was 6. Range of movement was not affected. Complications included one case of non-union of the femoral osteotomy, successfully treated by open reduction and internal fixation with bone graft. Conclusions: Simultaneous pelvic and femoral osteotomy may improve symptoms and function in symptomatic patients with healed Stulberg IV Perthes disease

Total hip joint replacement (THJR) for high riding congenital hip dislocation (CDH) is often performed in young patients, and presents unique problems with acetabular cup placement and leg length inequality. A database and the NZ Joint Registry were used to identify 76 hips in 57 patients with a diagnosis of CDH who underwent THJR in the Wellington region between 1994 and 2015. Records and radiographs of 46 hips in 36 patients classified pre-operatively as Crowe II, III or IV were reviewed. Surgical technique used a direct lateral approach, the uncemented acetabular component was located in the anatomic hip center and a primary femoral stem was used in all but one hip. Whether a step-cut sub-trochanteric femoral osteotomy was performed depended on degree of correction, tension on the sciatic nerve, and restoration of leg length. For the 36 patients classified as Crowe II or higher, the average age at operation was 44 years (26 – 66), female:male ratio was 4.5:1 and follow-up averaged 10 years (2 – 22.3). Of the 15 hips classified as Crowe IV, 10 required a step-cut sub-trochanteric femoral osteotomy to shorten the femur, but 5 were lengthened without undo tension on the sciatic nerve. Nine Crowe IV hips received a conventional proximally coated tapered primary femoral component. Oxford hip scores for 76% of patients was excellent (> 41/48), and 24% had good scores (34 – 41). All femoral osteotomies healed. Five hips have been revised, one at 2 years for femoral loosening, one at 5 years for dislocation, two at 12 years for liner exchanges, and one at 21 years for femoral loosening. THJR using primary prostheses for CDH can provide durable long-term results

Aim: To study the complications of an extended lateral femoral osteotomy (after Paprosky) of the femur utilised for exposure in revision total hip replacement. Method: A retrospective audit was performed of the senior author’s revision hip patients who had, at the time of surgery, an extended lateral femoral osteotomy for both deformity correction and to facilitate cement removal. No attempt was made to correlate the use of an osteotomy and operating time or overall results as no unbiased control group was available. The time to radiological union and complications of the procedure was reviewed to assess the safety of an osteotomy in one surgeon’s practice. Results: Thirty patients with 31 osteotomies were reviewed, all with long-stem fully porous coated femoral stems. It was the senior author’s anecdotal opinion that osteotomy facilitated cement removal without canal perforation and was necessary for varus deformity correction in many patients. All osteotomies united without further procedures after an average of 22 weeks (range: 12 to 38 weeks). There was one fatigue fracture of the osteotomised fragment, one non-union of the greater trochanter and two cable failures; all without significant sequelae. There was one fracture of the medial proximal femur that required a period of four weeks of bed-rest; otherwise all patients were mobilised full weight bearing as tolerated. One patient had deep infection and a loose femoral component. Two patients had instability of the hip in the post-operative period. Conclusion: We have shown that the osteotomy reliably united and was safe even with early full weight bearing, with few complications. Extended femoral osteotomy for deformity correction and cement removal in revision hip replacement is a safe and easy technique that reliably facilitates revision

Purpose: Total hip arthroplasty after failure of femoral osteotomy raises high risk of complications. Outcome has been controversial. The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the difficulties and results. Material and methods: Between March 1974 and January 1995, 68 patients (82 hips), 51 women and 17 men, mean age 59±11.5 years (32–84) underwent surgery. Initial indications were mainly acetabular and/or femoral dysplasia (n=47 hips) or congenital dislocation (n=21 hips). Mean time between osteotomy and arthroplasty was 13.8±8.4 years (10 months-45 years). We used cemented titanium femoral stems (Ceraver Ostal) with an alumina (n=66) or polyethylene (n=16) cup. An alumina-alumina bearing was used in 67 hips (81%). Functional outcome was assessed with the Postel-Merle-d’Aubligné score. Radiological analysis searched for lucent lines and signs of wear. The actuarial survival was determined. Results: One patient (1 hip) was lost to follow-up. Thirteen patients (14 hips) died of intercurrent causes. Six hips required revision for aseptic loosening (isolated cup loosening in five and bipolar loosening in one) at 8.5 years on average (4.5–12). There were 22 intraoperative complications (27%) including 18 fractures or femoral stem misalignments and four cases of damage to the acetabular fundus. Other complications included one postoperative dislocation, two sciatic nerve palsies with partial recovery, and one non-union of the greater trochanter. There were no infections. At maximum follow-up (11.8±4.7 years, ragne 5.4–20), the mean functional score was 16.5 (15–18) versus 9.9 (6–14) preoperatively (p< 0.05). There were no femoral lucent lines. A complete lucent line around the cup was observed in eleven hips including six with a massive cemented alumina cup. Considering revision for aseptic loosening as failure, cumulative survival at 12 years was 82% (95%IC 67–96%) for the cup and 98% (92–99.7%) for the femoral stem. Discussion: These results confirm the high risk of intraoperative complications of total hip arthroplasty performed for failure of femoral osteotomy. Architectural changes expose these patients to technical problems. The survival of the implants appears to be relatively unaffected by the prior procedure but the functional results are slightly less satisfactory then for primary arthroplasties

Aim: To study the adequacy of reduction of DDH postoperatively using MRI. Method: Ten consecutive children with DDH who underwent open reduction and femoral osteotomy using Coventry stainless steel implants were scanned postoperatively. Results: MRI gave reliable diagnostic information in all cases. The position of the femoral head in the acetabulum was clearly seen, despite artefact due to the metal. The mean scanning time was 3 minutes 45 seconds (range: 2 minutes 20 seconds – 5 minutes 30 seconds) and the total time in the MRI suite was between 7 and 10 minutes. No child required sedation. Conclusions: The use of MRI scanning has been described after closed and open reduction of the hip in DDH to check hip position but has not previously been reported after open reduction with femoral osteotomy and the use of metalwork. Satisfactory images, comparable time and cost to CT scanning and the lack of exposure to ionising radiation make MRI an appealing method of imaging. We recommend it as the investigation of choice in this patient group

Patients with dislocation, severe subluxation of the hip joints were treated with cementless THA combined with subtrochanteric shortening femoral osteotomy. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) requiring subtrochanteric osteot-omy has been considered to lead to several complications. The aim of this paper is to assess the clinical results and complications of this procedure. An acetabular component was placed into position at the site of the true acetabulum. After femoral corrective shortening osteotomy for dislocation or severe sub-luxation of the hip joints, an AML cementless stem was tightly inserted into the femoral canal to achieve bony union and osteointegration with the implant. Twenty-one patients (23 hips; 2 men, 19 women) treated with cementless THA combined with subtro-chanteric femoral shortening osteotomy were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 55 years and the mean follow-up period was 4.5 years. The average elongation of the limb was 48 mm after subtrochanteric shortening femoral osteotomy. Solid union of the osteotomy was obtained within an average of 5.5 months after surgery. None of these patients developed sciatic nerve palsy. There were 4 cases of non-union of the osteotomy site and 3 of aseptic loosening of the femoral component related to intraoperative femoral fracture. Upward migration of the proximal part of the femur was related to poor preoperative bone quality. In order to diminish these complications, careful patient selection, accurate femoral reaming and suitable methods of bone cutting and augmentation of the oste-otomy site are necessary

Purpose: Background: Treatment of Legg-Perthes disease in older children with greater involvement of the femoral head remains uncertain. Innominate or combined innominate and femoral osteotomies are generally performed to better contain and provide more coverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum and thus achieve a more spherical head and a congruent joint. The purpose of the study was to show the results of both surgeries. Methods: We carried out a retrospective review of 43 hips in 41 patients (36 males, 5 females), with lateral pillar classifications of B (25 hips), B/C (12), and C (6), who had not responded to non-surgical treatment and all treated by one surgeon. They underwent Salter innominate (23 hips) or combined innominate and femoral osteotomies (20 hips). Mean age of the former group at surgery was 7 years, 11 months and of the latter, 10 years, 7 months. Combined osteotomy was performed in older children with more head involvement and stiff hips that did not respond to other treatments. Patients were evaluated with a mean follow-up of 9 years, 4 months using the Stulberg radiographic assessment. Results: Results: Stulberg I or II (SI-SII) results were attained by 57% of the innominate osteotomy group and 30% of the combined. Eleven of 14 LPB hips in the innominate group and 5 of 11 in the combined became SI-II in contrast to 2 of 5 and 1 of 7 LPB/C hips, respectively. All 6 LPC hips were classified Stulberg III or IV (SIII-IV). Children younger than 8 years in the innominate group had better results than the older children (65% vs 33%) and those younger than 10 in the combined group did better than the older (43% vs 0%). Conclusions: Conclusions: The LPB and LPB/C groups treated by innominate osteotomy had better results (more spherical heads) than those undergoing combined osteotomy, age proving a stronger prognostic factor than disease stage. The LPC led to aspherical congruent hips with either type of surgery, regardless of patient’s age. The outcome was better in LPB in children younger than 8 years of age and in LPB/C in those older than 8 years. Age of onset still remains the primary determinant of outcome in LCPD

We developed a custom-made template for corrective femoral osteotomy during THA in a patient with a previous Schanz osteotomy. A seventy-year-old woman presented to our clinic with a chief complaint of right hip, left knee and left ankle pain with marked limp. She had undergone Schanz osteotomy of the left femur because of high dislocation of the left hip when she was 20 years old. After right THA was performed, we decided to perform left THA with corrective femoral osteotomy. A custom-made osteotomy template was designed and manufactured with use of CT data. During surgery, we placed the template on the bone surface, cut the bone through a slit on the template, and corrected the deformity as preoperatively simulated. Two years after surgery, she had no pain in any joints, could walk more than one hour without limp. Japanese Orthopedic Association hip score were 100 points for both hips. THA in patients with previous Schanz osteotomy was reported to be technically demanding and the rate of complications was high. In 2008, Murase T et al. developed a system, including a 3D computer simulation program and a custom-made template to corrective osteotomy of malunited fractures of the upper extremity. We applied the system to corrective femoral osteotomy during THA in a patient with a previous Schanz osteotomy. The surgical procedure was technically easy and accurate osteotomy brought the patient to acquire good alignment of lower extremities with good clinical results

Revision arthroplasty poses many challenges including extensile exposure and difficulty in safe removal of cemented/uncemented femoral component and/or distal cement particularly from a poor bone stock. Extended trochanteric osteotomies are associated with complications including non-union, proximal migration of the trochanter or osteotomised segment, wire breakage and difficulties associated with reattachment of the fragment. We present a technique of trochanter sparing extended anterior femoral osteotomy (AFO) through a modified Hardinge approach in reducing the difficulties associated in conventional and ETO. We assessed the performance of this technique in 23 patients with a maximum follow-up of 10 years. No trochanteric escape or fractures seen in any cases. No proximal migration, subsidence or failure of femoral component seen. Union was seen in all cases. Mean time for union was 3 months. 1 patient developed recurrent dislocations that required constrained liner. Improvement in Harris Hip scores was noted from 13 (pain) and 9 (function) pre-operatively to 39 (pain) and 22 (function) (p<0.05). Extended trochanter sparing AFO allows extensive exposure similar to traditional ETO. It heals reliably without the use of vertical wires, trochanteric plates or grips. The avoidance of abductor mechanism and osteotomy through weakest anterior non weight bearing area of the proximal femur may be a significant advantage

Introduction. Perthes' disease is associated with coxa breva, plana and magna, and a high riding prominent greater trochanter causing abductor shortening and weakness, leg shortening and extra-articular impingement. A trochanteric advancement with an infero-lateralising oblique sliding osteotomy of the proximal femur would lengthen femoral neck, improve abductor length and strength, relieve impingement and improve leg length. We assessed the mid-term outcomes for this procedure. Method. We included patients who underwent the operation by the senior author (JNOH) with more than 2 years follow-up. The osteotomies were performed minimally invasively under image intensifier guidance and fixed with blade plate or locking plates. We assessed functional scores, radiological changes in neck length, Tonnis grading for arthritis and evidence of femoral head avascular necrosis, time interval for conversion to hip arthroplasty and associated complications. Results. Twenty four patients (25 hips) underwent the procedure at mean age of 18.7 years (range:9.3–38.8) with a mean follow-up of 5 years (range:2–13.8). At the last assessment, the mean Oxford Hip Score was 41.6 (range:58–27), Non-Arthritic Hip Score was 53.4 (range:25–77) and UCLA activity score was 4.2 (range:2–6). For changes in neck length, the mean “Head-centre-to-Greater-trochanteric-tip-distance” was 60 mm (range:43–78) compared to 39 mm (range:30–48) pre-operatively and the mean “Head-centre-to-Lesser-trochanteric-tip-distance” was 54 mm (range:47–64) compared to 37 mm (range:31–41) pre-operatively. The mean Tonnis grade was 1.5 (range:1–3) compared to 1.3 (range:1–2) pre-operatively. Two patients underwent arthroplasty conversion at 2 and 13.8 years later. One patient needed head-neck debridement for impingement and 2 patients underwent trochanteric refixation for non-union. There were no cases of avascular necrosis. Discussion. Symptomatic Perthes' hip deformity in adolescents and young adults is difficult to treat with joint preserving surgery. The mid-term clinical, functional and radiological results for double proximal femur osteotomy are encouraging

Introduction. Perthes disease is associated with coxa breva, plana and magna, and a high riding prominent greater trochanter causing abductor shortening and weakness, leg shortening and extra-articular impingement. A trochanteric advancement with an infero-lateralizing sliding osteotomy of the proximal femur would lengthen femoral neck, improve abductor length and strength, relieve impingement and improve leg length. We assessed the mid-term outcomes for this procedure. Method. We included patients who underwent the operation by the senior author (JNOH) with more than 2 years follow-up. The osteotomies were performed under image intensifier guidance and fixed with blade plate or locking plates. We assessed functional scores, radiological changes in neck length, Tonnis grading for arthritis and evidence of progression in femoral head avascular necrosis, time interval for conversion to hip arthroplasty and associated complications. Results. Twenty four patients (25 hips) underwent the procedure at mean age of 18.7 years (range:9.3–38.8) with a mean follow-up of 5 years (range:2–13.8). At the last assessment, the mean Oxford Hip Score was 41.6 (range:58–27), Non-Arthritic Hip Score was 53.4 (range:25–77) and UCLA activity score was 4.2 (range:2–6). For changes in neck length, the mean “Head-centre-to-Greater-trochanteric-tip-distance” was 60 mm (range:43–78) compared to 39 mm (range:30–48) pre-operatively and the mean “Head-center-to-Lesser-trochanteric-tip-distance” was 54 mm (range:47–64) compared to 37 mm (range:31–41) pre-operatively. The mean Tonnis grade was 1.5 (range:1–3) compared to 1.3 (range:1–2) pre-operatively. Two patients underwent arthroplasty conversion at 2 and 13.8 years later. One patient needed head-neck debridement for impingement and 2 patients underwent trochanteric refixation for non-union. There was no progression in avascular necrosis of femoral head. Discussion. Symptomatic Perthes hip deformity in adolescents and young adults is difficult to treat with joint preserving surgery. The mid-term clinical, functional and radiological results for double proximal femur osteotomy are encouraging

Introduction Growth of femoral neck can be stunted due to early fusion of capital femoral epiphysis and can occur in DDH, LCPD and Septic Arthritis of Hip, while the greater trochanter (GT) continues to grow normally. This results in a high riding greater trochanter with altered abductor function and shortening of the involved limb. Management of patients with such deformities in adolescence is challenging, more so in planning to conserve the hip joint. Methods and Results We wish to present our experience in the management of such deformed proximal femur with double femoral osteotomy in 15 patients (6 male, 9 female), mean age 22 (11–36) years with an average follow-up of five years. Average distalisation of GT was 2.2 cms and limb-length gained was 2.8 cms. Fracture of GT with displacement was the only complication encountered that required further surgery. Discussion Primarily the procedure was performed to distalise the greater trochanter thereby improving abduction function, increasing the offset at the hip joint, and creating a more anatomical neck; so facilitating any subsequent joint-sacrificing procedure. Although the secondary benefit of the procedure was to gain limb length, this was what the patients appreciated was the greatest benefit. The technique demands detailed preoperative planning, detailed execution of the plan but produces consistently good results

Hypothesis. Successful total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the presence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) depends on restoration of the anatomic centre of hip rotation and may require simultaneous femoral osteotomy. Techniques using uncemented components are widely reported. In osteopenic bone an all-cemented technique may be more appropriate; however, the outcome following this procedure is not known. We present the results of a series of thirty-five cemented THA with simultaneous subtrochanteric osteotomy. Methods and analysis. 28 patients with DDH (35 hips) who underwent this procedure at a mean age of 47.3 years were retrospectively reviewed. Two patients (two hips) died within 12 months of surgery. The clinical notes and radiographs of the remaining patients were reviewed with a minimum follow-up of 2 years (mean, 5.6 years; range, 2-14 years). Complications were noted. SF-12 and Oxford hip scores (OHS) were recorded for 18 patients pre-operatively and after 6 and 12 months. Results. Union occurred in 32 of 33 femora (97%); one patient had an infected nonunion. The overall revision rate was 19% at 5.6 years (8% femoral revision rate). There were three dislocations, two of which required further surgery. Two patients had a transient neuropraxia. The mean SF-12 physical component score increased from 32 to 52 and mean SF-12 mental component score increased from 48 to 51. The mean OHS decreased from 40 to 27. Conclusion. Combined subtrochanteric osteotomy and cemented THA is technically demanding with a higher complication rate than routine THA. The rate of union, complications, implant survivorship, and early OHS were comparable to those for similar techniques using cementless components

The use of MRI scanning has been described after open reduction of the hip in DDH to check hip position but has not previously been reported after open reduction with femoral osteotomy and the use of metalwork. We performed a prospective study utilising MRI to document the adequacy of reduction. An MRI scan was performed on the second postoperative day in order to confirm the satisfactory reduction of the hip following surgery. Previously a CT scan was performed. 10 consecutive cases were scanned and all gave diagnostic information of satisfactory reduction. Sedation was not required. The mean scanning time was 3 minute 45 seconds and the total time in the MRI suite ranged from 7 to 10 minutes. Satisfactory images, the lack of need of sedation, comparable time and cost to CT scanning and most importantly the lack of exposure of the child to ionising radiation make MRI a most appealing method of imaging. We therefore recommend it as the investigation of choice in this patient group. Demographic data reviewed included gender, MP at time of primary surgery, GMFCS level, age at time of surgery, type of adductor release procedure performed, and experience of surgeon. Outcome variables assessed were type of subsequent failure, time of failure after primary procedure, and length of follow-up. Three hundred and thirty children underwent hip adductor surgery. The number of children per GMFCS Level was 33 Level II, 55 level III, 103 level IV, and 139 level V. The average age at time of primary surgery was 4.19 years, mean MP at time of primary surgery 43.16%, and mean length of post-operative follow-up was 7.10 years. Eighty two children had adductor longus and gracilis lengthening alone, 97 also had an iliopsoas release, 97 had psoas tenotomy and phenolisation of the obturator nerve, and 54 had a psoas tenotomy and neurectomy of the anterior branch of the obturator nerve (in addition to longus & gracilis lengthening). At time of audit 106 children did not require further surgery (‘surgery success’ of 32%). Thirty one were in children of GMFCS level II (94%), 27 level III (49%), 28 level IV (27%), and 20 level V (14%). A Cox proportional hazards survivorship analysis was constructed to chart the time course of progression to further surgery over time to reveal statistically significant ‘surgery success’ rates according to GMFCS. Differences in the success rates according to GMFCS become more apparent beyond 3 years post-surgery. The most important determinant for predicting the success of hip adductor surgery in preventing hip displacement is GMFCS at the time of primary surgery. Current treatment strategies need to be re-evaluated with the context of undertaking long-term post-operative follow up, particularly for children GMFCS levels VI and V

Purpose: Patients with sickle-cell anaemia tolerate surgery poorly. They are susceptible to infections and results of orthopaedic treatment are uncertain. Mechanical and infectious complications of total hip arthroplasty encountered in adults have led us to conduct systematic screening and early conservative surgical treatment for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Two surgical techniques have been retained in sickle-cell anaemia patients: simple drilling and femoral osteotomy. Material and methods: Between 1993 and 1999, among 248 sickle-cell anaemia patients examined in our study, 69 had active or quiescent ONFH: stage I=1, stage II=42, stage III=16, stage IV=10. We retained for analysis 16 patients (7 SS and 8 SC, 1 S-betathal), seven men and nine women, age range 15–44 years. These patients had 24 hips with active disease. Simple drilling-biopsy was indicated for osteochondrosis of the hip joint (n=1), stage I ONFH (n=1), stage II ONFH (n=13, early stage III ONFH (n=3) and advanced stage III ONFH (n=3). These three patients with advanced stage III disease underwent drilling for two particular indications: poor general status and disabling pain. Flexion femoral osteotomy was performed for the last three patients with stage III ONFH with localised polar weakening. In all, we performed three femoral osteotomies and 21 simple drilling procedures. Mean postoperative follow-up was six years (2–10). Results: Clinical results were assessed with the Postel-Merle-d’Aubligné score. Among the 24 hips, 20 had a favourable outcome (83%). Discussion: ONFH in sickle-cell anaemia patients requires surgical cure when the femoral heads display recent changes of the bony network (osteolysis, defects) and associated cephalic remodelling with or without pain. After drilling and osteotomy, the disease course shows that the femoral head’s spherical shape is preserved when the lesions are treated early by drilling in stage I, II, and III disease. Bipolar weakening remains an indication for femoral osteotomy. This conservative approach can prevent osteoarthritic degradation. It has enabled us to postpone total hip arthroplasty in young subjects with sickle-cell anaemia

Purpose. To evaluate the clinical and radiologic midterm results of rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) in incongruent hip joints. Material and Methods. A consecutive series of 15 hips in 14 patients who underwent RAO in incongruent hip joint were evaluated at an average follow-up of 52.3 months (range from 36 to 101 months). The average age at operation was 27 years (range from 12 to 38 years) old. The preoperative diagnoses were developmental dysplasia in 4 hips, sequelae of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease in 8 hips, and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia in 3 hips. The RAO procedures were combined with a femoral valgus oseotomy in 10 hips, advance osteotomy of greater trochanter in 4 hips, derotational osteotomy in 2 hips. Clinically, Harris hip score, range of motion, leg length discrepancy(LLD) and hip joint pain were evaluated. Radiological changes of anterior and lateral center-edge(CE) angle, acetabular roof angle, acetabular head index(AHI), ratio of body weight moment arm to abductor moment arm, and a progression of osteoarthritis were analyzed. Results. The Harris hip score ha been improved from average from 67.5 points preoperatively to 97.6 points postoperatively. There have been no significant changes in the range of motion. The anterior CE angle increased from an average of 9.0°(-19.7□18.6°) to 32.5°(22.6□39.1°), the lateral CE angle from 7.6°(-12.1□14.1)° to 31.7°(26.5□37.8°) and the AHI from 61%(33□73%) to 86%(65□100%). The average ratio of body weight moment arm to abductor moment arm was changed 1.88 to 1.49. There was no case showing progression of osteoarthritis. None of the patients experienced revision surgery. Conclusion. The conventional salvage operation, such as Chiari osteotomy, has been recommended in incongruent hip. However, if we can expect to have a congruency after RAO with/without any femoral osteotomies, it would be a hopeful procedure for the incongruent joints by enhancing acetabular coverage, taking joint surface with normal articular cartilage, increasing abductor moment arm with additional improvement in LLD