Study Design: Descriptive case series. Objective: To report on the outcome of 4 patients treated with Total En bloc Spondylectomy (TES) for solitary intra-osseous metastasis in the thoracolumbar spine secondary to hypernephroma. Summary of background data: Patients with solitary spinal metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have better prognosis and show longer survival rates as compared to other spinal metastatic disease. Adjuvant control by chemotherapy and hormonal therapy has been proven ineffective to treat this relatively radioresistant tumour, which can often present with both back pain and neurological deficit. Methods: Four patients with solitary vertebral metastasis secondary to RCC underwent TES for radical resection of the spinal pathology. The procedure involves en bloc laminectomy and corpectomy with posterior instrumented fusion and anterior instrumentation with cage reconstruction following the spondylectomy. All patients were fully staged pre-operatively and assessed according to the Tokuhashi scoring system to determine predictive life expectancy. 3 of the 4 had pre-operative embolization and all had radical resection of the primary tumour. Results: All patients reported significant pain relief and demonstrated neurological improvement. One patient died at 11 months post-op due to a recurrence of the primary in the nephrectomy bed. 3 were alive and well at 18, 26 and 39 months post-op with no radiological evidence of tumour recurrence. There were no major surgical complications. Conclusions: Careful patient selection is required to justify this procedure. The indication is best limited to solitary intra-osseous lesions where complete resection of the tumour is possible. The main advantage of this treatment is that it affords significant pain relief and restores spinal stability whilst minimizing local recurrence

Patients with solitary spinal metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) have better prognosis and survival rates compared to other spinal metastatic disease. Adjuvant therapy has been proven ineffective. Selected patients can be treated with Total En bloc Spondylectomy (TES) for solitary intra-osseous metastasis in the thoracolumbar spine secondary to renal cell carcinoma. Five patients with solitary vertebral metastasis secondary to RCC underwent TES for radical resection of the spinal pathology after pre-operative embolisation. The procedure involves en bloc laminectomy and corpectomy with posterior instrumented fusion and anterior instrumentation with cage reconstruction following the spondylectomy. All patients were fully staged pre-operatively and assessed according to the Tokuhashi scoring system. Recurrence of spinal metastasis and radiological failure of reconstruction. All patients demonstrated full neurological recovery and reported significant pain relief. One patient died at 11 months post-op due to a recurrence of the primary. The other four are well at 24, 45, 52 and 66 months post-op without evidence of recurrence in the spine. There were no major surgical complications. Careful patient selection is required to justify this procedure. The indication is limited to solitary intra-osseous lesions where complete resection of the tumour is possible. The main advantage of this treatment is that it affords significant pain relief and restores spinal stability whilst minimizing local recurrence

Introduction: Patients with solitary spinal metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) have better prognosis and show longer survival rates compared to other spinal metastatic disease. Adjuvant control by chemotherapy and hormonal therapy has been proven ineffective to treat this relatively radio resistant tumour, which can often present with both back pain and neurological deficit. Selected patients can be treated with Total En bloc Spondylectomy (TES) for solitary intra-osseous metastasis in the thoracolumbar spine secondary to renal cell carcinoma. Methods: Four patients with solitary vertebral metastasis secondary to RCC underwent TES for radical resection of the spinal pathology after pre-operative embolisation. The procedure involves en bloc laminectomy and corpectomy with posterior instrumented fusion and anterior instrumentation with cage reconstruction following the spondylectomy. All patients were fully staged pre-operatively and assessed according to the Tokuhashi scoring system to determine predictive life expectancy. Results: All patients demonstrated full neurological recovery and reported significant pain relief. One patient died at 11 months post-op due to a recurrence of the primary in the nephrectomy bed. The other three are alive and well at 33, 40 and 54 months post-op with no radiological evidence of tumour recurrence in the spine. There were no major surgical complications. Discussion: Careful patient selection is required to justify this procedure. The indication is best limited to solitary intra-osseous lesions where complete resection of the tumour is possible. The main advantage of this treatment is that it affords significant pain relief and restores spinal stability whilst minimizing local recurrence. Conclusion: TES can improve symptomatic control of isolated solitary spinal metastases of the thoracolumbar spine in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Introduction: The conventional approach to spinal malignancy is via intralesional piecemeal resection but the incidence of local recurrence after surgery has been increasing as survival of patients getting prolonged due to advance adjuvant treatment TES is devised to minimize the incidence of local recurrence in malignant spinal tumours. The purpose of this study is to analyse whether the radical procedure like TES is justifiable in solitary metastasis or not

Material & Methods: We analysed 6 patients who undergone surgery for metastases of spine secondary to renal cell carcinoma between1996 and 2005 out of which 4 had TES for solitary intraosseous thoracolumbar lesion. They include three men and one woman ranging an age from 51 to 64 years. Common presenting complaints were intractable back pain dependent on opiates and progressive neural deficit. Four patients had localised intraosseous thoraco-lumbar lesion. The extent of spinal lesion was assessed with X-rays, CT scans and MRI for all patients. All patient’s prognosis was analysed by Tokuhasi Scoring System.3 patients had pre-op embolisation.4 patients with solitary intra-osseous metastasis underwent radical surgery in the form of total vertebrectomy and 3- column stabilisation of spine. Total surgical time was between 9–13 hrs and total blood loss between 4–11 Litres.

Results: None of the patients had surgery related major complication. No external brace used for mobilisation. The surgical outcome assessed by the pain, severity of paresis and the ability to walk before and after surgery. All patients followed up regularly to detect local tumour recurrences and position of implant. None of the patients with TES shown signs of local recurrence The follow up period for the surviving patients ranged from 9 to 32 months after TES. One patient died 9 month post-op due to widespread metastasis.

Conclusion: TES offers the most aggressive mode of treatment for the solitary metastasis of Thoraco-Lumbar spine secondary to Renal Cell Carcinoma. Considering the technical demands and potential risks of TES, the indication for TES with spinal metastasis should be limited to the cases with solitary intra-osseous lesions in malignancies with good prognosis.

Introduction: Total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) as the only radical treatment option for sarcoma and solitary metastases of the spine was shown to markedly minimize local recurrences, improve patient quality of life and substantially increase overall survival rates. This study analyzes the onco-surgical results after multilevel thoracolumbar TES and reconstruction with a carbon composite vertebral body replacement system (CC-VBR) in a collective of patients. Methods: 26 patients (14f/12m; age 52±14y) treated with thoracolumbar multilevel TES (10x2, 12x3, 3x4, 1x5 segments) for spinal sarcomas (n=16), solitary metastases (n=5) and aggressive primary tumors (n=5) were retrospectively investigated. According to the classification system of Tomita et al. all patients were surgically staged as type 6 (multisegmental/extracom-partimental). Defect reconstruction (14 thoracic, 6 thoraco-lumbar and 6 lumbar) were performed with posterior stabilization and a CC-VBR. Patient charts and the current clinical follow-up results were analyzed for histopathological tumor type, pre- and postoperative data (symptoms, duration of surgery, blood loss, complications, intensive care, adjuvant therapies etc.) and course of disease. Latest radiographs and CT-scans were analyzed at follow up. Oncological status was evaluated using cumulative disease specific and metastases-free survival analysis. Results: With a mean follow up (100%) of 18 (4–44) months 24 patients (92%) were postoperatively ambulatory without any support. Postoperative neurological deficits were seen in two patient (8%). Wide resection margins were attained in 9, marginal in 17 patients. Depending on tumor biology/grading and/or resections margins an adjuvant therapy (radiation/chemotherapy) was performed in 18 (69%) patients. Local recurrence was found in two patient (8%). 19 (73%) patients showed no evidence of disease, 3 were alive with disease while 2 died of disease at 10 and 27 months postoperatively. Conclusion: In selected patients with multisegmental spinal tumor involvement oncological sufficient resections can be reached by multilevel TES. Although the surgical procedure is challenging and the patient’s stress is considerable our encouraging midterm results together with the low complication rate clearly favour and legitimate this technique. However, treatment success strongly depends on adjuvant therapies. Reconstruction with a CC-VBR showed low complication rates, promising biomechanical characteristics, increased volume for bone grafting and lower artefact rates in follow-up MR- and CT-imaging

Introduction: Total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) as the only radical treatment option for sarcoma and solitary metastases of the spine was shown to markedly minimize local recurrences, improve patient quality of life and substantially increase overall survival rates. Due to surgical difficulty of TES and complex biomechanical demands in defect reconstruction multisegmental tumor involvement of the spine has long been considered as a palliative situation, exceeding the limits of surgical feasibility. Thus, multilevel resections reports are very rare. For the first time, this study analyzes the onco-surgical results after multilevel thoracolumbar TES and reconstruction with a carbon composite vertebral body replacement system (CC-VBR) in a collective of patients. Methods: 18 patients (9f/9m; age 52±14y) treated with thoracolumbar multilevel TES (6x2, 9x3, 3x4 segments) for spinal sarcomas (n=9), solitary metastases (n=5) and aggressive primary tumors (n=3) were retrospectively investigated. According to the classification system of Tomita et al. all patients were surgically staged as type 6 (multisegmental/extracompartimental). Defect reconstruction (11 thoracic, 3 thoracolumbar and 4 lumbar) were performed with posterior stabilization and a CC-VBR. Patient charts and the current clinical follow-up results were analyzed for histopathological tumor type, pre- and postoperative data (symptoms, duration of surgery, blood loss, complications, intensive care, adjuvant therapies etc.) and course of disease. Latest radiographs and CT-scans were analyzed at follow up. Oncological status was evaluated using cumulative disease specific and metastases-free survival analysis. Results: With a mean follow up (100%) of 18 (4–44) months 17 patients (94%) were postoperatively ambulatory without any support. Postoperative neurological deficits were seen in one patient (6%). Wide resection margins were attained in 7, marginal in 11 patients. Depending on tumor biology/grading and/or resections margins an adjuvant therapy (radiation/chemotherapy) was performed in 12 (67%) patients. Local recurrence was found in one patient (6%). 13 (72%) patients showed no evidence of disease, 3 were alive with disease while 2 died of disease at 10 and 27 months postoperatively. Conclusion: In selected patients with multisegmental spinal tumor involvement oncological sufficient resections can be reached by multilevel TES. Although the surgical procedure is challenging and the patient’s stress is considerable our encouraging midterm results together with the low complication rate clearly favour and legitimate this technique. However, treatment success strongly depends on adjuvant therapies. Reconstruction with a CC-VBR showed low complication rates, promising biomechanical characteristics, increased volume for bone grafting and lower artefact rates in follow-up MR- and CT-imaging

Aims

Frailty has been gathering attention as a factor to predict surgical outcomes. However, the association of frailty with postoperative complications remains controversial in spinal metastases surgery. We therefore designed a prospective study to elucidate risk factors for postoperative complications with a focus on frailty.