Aims: In patients who have malignant bone tumour (MBT) of the proximal extremities, it is often possible to carry out resection which salvage the limb. Reconstruction, however, remains a problem because none of the procedures which are available adequately compensates for the functional loss after amputation. Material and Methods:Between 1985 and 2001, 45 patients (p) with MBT or aggressive BT of the proximal extremities were reviewed. All (p) have pathologic confirmation. Among them 7 were osteosarcoma, 6 chondrosarcoma, 2 fibrosarcoma, 1 Ewing’s sarcoma, 1 plasmocitoma, 4 bone metastases and 24 giant cell tumour. Radiographs, CT, MRI, scan with Tc 99 m were useful for treatment decision. We used for reconstruction non vascularised fibular autografts in 29p, a free vascularised fubular grafts in 4 p.tibia grafts in 2 p. Ticoff-Limberg procedures in 1 p.resection of the proximal radius in 1 p.endoprosthesis of the proximal humerus in 4 p.and MMA cement and Rush-Pin in 4 p. The functional results were graded according to the rating system of the MSTS. The mean duration of follow-up was 64 months (12–201 m). Results:Our results were satisfactory with regard to pain, emotional acceptance and manual dextterity.29 p.were still alive at the time of the latest follow-up.2 p.died from other disease.14 p. died from the disease. Function and lifting ability were unsatisfactory in 4 p.(8,9%). Radiographs schow:2 p.(4,4%) with delayed union,4 p.(8,9%) had colaps or fracture of the head of the fibula,2 p. had local recurence. Conclusion: different methods of reconstruction of the proximal extremities after resection of the MBT are effective in selected cases

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional and oncological outcome of recycled autograft reconstruction after a wide excision for primary malignant bone tumor around the hip.

From 1998 to 2015, 67 patients with a primary malignant bone tumor involving proximal femur or periacetabular zone (P2) were included. There were 36 males and 31 females with a mean age of 34 years (13 to 58). Of these, 29 patients had grade I or II chondrosarcoma, 28 high-grade osteosarcoma, 6 Ewing's sarcoma and 4 undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. Enneking stage of all 67 patients was stage II. Of the resection classification, proximal femur resection was performed in 29 patients, P1+P2 in 15, P2+P3 in 14, P1+P2+P3 in 4, P2 only in 4, and P2+proximal femur in 1. Extracorporeally irradiated recycled autograft and liquid nitrogen frozen autograft were performed in 44 and 23 patients, respectively.

At a mean follow-up of 98 months (10 to 239), 48 patients (72%) were continuously disease-free, 12 (18%) died of disease and 7 (10%) were alive with disease. The tumors of these patients who had died of disease were usually located in pelvic bones (10/12). Of these 37 patients with pelvic tumors, 7 patients (22%) had local recurrence, four of them received external hemipelvectomy. Other complications included hip dislocation in 2 patients, nerve injury in 2 and deep infection in 2. However, the above complications were rarely occurred in the patients with proximal femur reconstruction. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional score were 77% (53 to 93).

Recycled autograft reconstruction for primary malignant bone tumor around the hip is a valid method with acceptable morbidity and a favorable functional outcome.

Aims

Socioeconomic and racial disparities have been recognized as impacting the care of patients with cancer, however there are a lack of data examining the impact of these disparities on patients with bone sarcoma. The purpose of this study was to examine socioeconomic and racial disparities that impact the oncological outcomes of patients with bone sarcoma.

Primary malignant bone tumours are a scarce entity with limited population-based data from developing countries. The aim of the study is to investigate the frequency and anatomical distribution of primary malignant bone tumours in a local South African population. This will be an epidemiological retrospective study. Data will be used of patients that were diagnosed with primary malignant bone tumours over a period of nine years spanning from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2022. This data will be received from private and government laboratories. Data to be considered are type of primary malignant bone tumours diagnosed, incidence of primary malignant bone tumours over a period of nine years and the most common anatomical sites of primary malignant bone tumours. The rationale behind our study is to assess the frequency of different primary malignant bone tumours in another geographic area of South Africa and to compare these findings to local and international literature. With a projected increase in diagnosis of primary malignant bone tumours in developing countries it is important to have more available data about primary malignant bone tumours from these areas to have a better understanding of these conditions and to understand the impact of the burden they impose on healthcare systems so that management of these conditions can also be improved. Preliminary results show that 23.83% of primary malignant bone tumours occurred in the age group 0–24 years of age, 49.22% in the 25–59 age group and 26.95% in the 60+ age group. The most common tumour that occurred was chondrosarcoma (49.21%) followed by osteosarcoma (41.80%) then Ewing's sarcoma (4,69%) and lastly chordoma (4.30%). From the 256 samples that met the inclusion criteria the five most common anatomical sites were distal femur (63), proximal tibia (41), proximal humerus (38), pelvis (34) and proximal femur (20)

Introduction. Bone tumours of the foot are rare, representing 3–6% of all bone tumours. Of these 15–25% are thought to be malignant. Obtaining clear surgical margins remains an important factor in improving outcome from tumours. However, the anatomical complexity of the foot can lead to an inadequate resection, particularly if the operating surgeon is attempting to preserve function. The aim of this paper is to identify the clinical course of patients suffering from malignant bone tumours of the foot. Method. A prospective tumour registry over a 30 yr period was used to identify patients with a malignant bone tumour of the foot. Patient demographics along with the site of primary malignancy, region of the foot involved and clinical management were recorded. Results. 70 patients with a malignant foot tumour were identified. 25(35%) were chondrosarcomas, 20 Ewings Sarcoma, 10 Osteosarcoma and 15 were metastatic lesions. Of those diagnosed with a primary bone tumour, 8(14.5%) were referred following a “whoops” procedure. The median length of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 52 weeks. The most common regions affected were the 1. st. Ray (31%) and Calcaneus (22%). The mainstay of treatment involved either Ray or Below Knee Amputation in 70% of cases. 11 patients developed either local recurrence or metastatic disease. Conclusion. We present the largest single centre review of malignant bone tumours affecting the foot. Our series confirms that patients often have to suffer with protracted symptoms prior to the establishment of the correct diagnosis. The variety of differential diagnoses may explain the long delay in diagnosis. Worryingly, 14.5% of the primary bone malignancies in our series underwent a “whoops” procedure. This highlights further that physicians need to maintain a high index of suspicion when treating a patient with foot symptoms, even when the symptoms may be protracted

Introduction: Only 4–13 % of all spine tumours are primary bone tumours. We report on 180 cases of primary malignant bone tumours of the spine from the Scottish Bone Tumour Registry. The aim of the study was to analyse the incidence, demography, pathology and survival patterns of primary malignant bone tumours of the vertebral column. Materials and Methods: All of the data in the Scottish Bone Tumour Registry is compiled prospectively. This report is based on a retrospective review of all the data from 180 cases of primary malignant bone tumours (excluding metastatic lesions). Results: Of 4,301 registry cases 4.1% were primary malignant lesions (n=180). Seventy two percent of all spinal tumours were primary malignant neoplasms. There were 22 cervical, 72 thoracic, 45 lumbar and 41 sacrococcygeal lesions. There was a male preponderance (103 males & 77 females). The mean age at presentation was 54 years (range, 4–86 years). The top two ranked tumours were myeloma (42) and chordoma (41). Ewing’ sarcoma (15), Leukaemik-Lymphomatous lesions (13), conventional osteosarcoma (10) and Paget’s sarcoma (9) followed thereafter. The predominant presenting symptom was pain. Pathological fracture occurred in 7 patients. The operative treatment consisted of curettage (21), excision (51) and resection (9) with supplemented bone grafting (13). Adjuvant chemo (=61) and radiotherapy (=131) was also used in selective cases. Thirty patients were alive with no evidence of disease at a mean 5 year follow-up. Six were alive with persistent primary disease and/or local recurrence and/or metastases at the time of review. Eighty four patients died with persistent primary disease, 30 patients died of metastatic disease, 9 due to local recurrence and 17 of unrelated causes. Conclusions: Only 4.1% of the musculoskeletal tumours were spinal: 40% involved the thoracic spine. Mean age at presentation was 54 years. Myeloma, chordoma, chondrosarcoma and Ewing’ sarcoma were the most common pathologies. Myeloma predominated: osteosarcoma was much less common in our series compared to previous reports. Early diagnoses resulted into improved outcome

Background:The study aimed to analyse the demographic, clinical, and histological features of patients with a malignant primary bone tumour of the femur presenting with a pathological fracture. Methods: Eighty-six patients with primary malignant bone tumours of the femur presenting with pathological fracture were identified from a unique national database that contains original radiographs, casenotes and histology for all patients diagnosed with a primary bone tumour since september 1936 to the present. Demographic data, presenting features, tumour location, histological diagnosis, treatment, local recurrence, metastasis and survival data were gathered. Results: The median age was 63 years (range 4 to 87 years) and 47% were men. Forty-two percent of patients presented with a history of trauma. Forty percent of lesions were in the proximal femur, 34% in the diaphysis and 26% in the distal femur. The most common histological diagnoses were osteosarcoma (13 patients), Paget’s sarcoma (12 patients), myeloma (11 patients), chondrosarcoma and lymphoma (9 patients each). Other diagnoses were fibrosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, spindle cell sarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, malignant fibrous hystiocytoma, and malignant giant cell tumour. The local recurrence rate was 31%. The median survival was 12 months (95% confidence interval 6 to 18 months). Overall 5 and 10-year survival were 22.4% and 17.4% respectively. Specifically for osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and Paget’s sarcoma the five year survival rates were 15.4%, 11.1% and 19.0% respectively. Those in whom the age at the time of presentation was over 60 years had a significantly worse prognosis (log rank 13.4, p< 0.001). Conclusion: Pathological fracture as a presenting symptom of primary malignant bone tumours is associated with a poor prognosis in nearly all tumour types studied. The prognosis is worse in those who are over 60 years at the time of presentation

Abstract. Background. Schwannomas are slow-growing, benign tumours normally originating from the Schwann cells of the nerve sheath. Intraosseous schwannoma accounts for 0.175% of primary bone tumours and extremely rare especially outside the axial skeleton. Monoclonal gammopathy has been associated with soft tissue schwannomas but never with the intraosseous variety. Presenting problem. A 55-year-old woman with a background of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) presented with a 2-year history of right thigh pain. CT scan showed a well defined, lytic lesion with a thin peripheral rim of sclerosis in the midshaft of the femur. MRI displayed a hyperintense, well marginated and homogenous lesion. Definitive diagnosis was made based on the classical histopathological appearance of schwannoma. Clinical management. We managed our patient with local curettage and prophylactic cephalomedullary nailing on the basis of a high mirel score. Discussion. Intraosseous schwannomas are poorly understood but most commonly reported in middle-aged women. Radiologically, their differential diagnosis includes malignant bone tumours, solitary bone cysts, aneurysmal bone cysts and giant cell tumours. As a result, they are usually diagnosed incidentally on histology. Although malignant transformation is possible in soft tissue schwannomas, all intraosseous schwannomas reported to date have been benign. This case demonstrates the importance of suspecting intraosseous schwannoma as a differential diagnosis for lytic bone lesions to avoid the overtreatment of patients. We also highlight monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance as a potential risk factor for a poorly understood disease and make recommendations about the appropriate management of these lesions. Declaration of Interest. (b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project

Following resection of primary malignant bone tumours of the humerus, limb salvage can be performed by vascularized fibula graft for reconstruction of large segmental defects. In 12 patients with malignant bone tumour of the proximal humerus, tumour was resected and the bone defect reconstructed by vascularized fibula graft. Median age of the patients was 23 years. Median follow up was 114 months. In 10 patients humeral head had to be resected and was replaced by fibular transplant including head and shaft of the ipsilateral fibula. Humeral head could be left in place in 2 patients. Median length of transplant was 17.2 cm. Radiographic union could be seen after 8 months in median. In 7 patients partial necrosis of the fibular head occurred, in 4 patients fracture of the transplant happened following trauma. In these 4 cases revision surgery was required. Partial necrosis of the head of fibula had no significant influence on shoulder function. One patient died of disease, the others are disease free. Enneking Index was 61% in median at time of last follow up. At donor side 3 cases of transient peroneal palsy could be seen. We conclude that vascularized fibula graft is a successful surgical procedure for upper limb salvage especially for preservation of joint function also in long term follow up

The use of massive endoprostheses following bone tumour resection is well recognised. Where possible, joint salvage rather than joint replacement is usually attempted. However cases arise where there may be insufficient bone stock following tumour resection to allow fixation of a joint sparing prosthesis. We report a series of 4 patients (age4–12) treated between 1994 and 2008, in which irradiated autologous bone has been combined with a diaphyseal or distal femoral replacement in order to preserve the native hip joint. There were 3 cases of osteosarcoma and 1 cases of Ewings sarcoma. After a mean follow up of 53 months (range 9–168) all patients had survived without evidence of local recurrence or metastases. One implant was revised after 14 years following fracture of the extending component of the growing endoprosthesis. There have been no cases of loosening or peri-prosthetic fracture. This is the first report of irradiated autologous bone with joint sparing endoprostheses in the skeletally immature patient. Introduction: Reconstruction of segmental skeletal defects after malignant bone tumour removal has been a topic of much debate. Autoclaved or irradiated autologous bone used in the treatment of malignant bone tumours of the proximal femur in skeletally mature patients has been well reported with a high incidence of fracture and non-union. On follow up, our series of skeletally immature patients showed excellent osteo-integration with native bone and allowed preservation of the native hip joint. Results: We review survival of the patient, implant, any complication and the presence of disease progression

Purpose: Bone destruction occurs due to the growth of primary malignant bone tumours (sarcomas) that are often not amendable to surgery. Bone resorption is carried out by osteoclasts which are formed from cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Primary malignant bone tumours contain tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in addition to neoplastic cells. The aim of the study was to determine the cellular and humoral conditions required for TAM-osteoclast differentiation and to assess the affect of an anti-osteolytic agent on osteoclastic bone resorption. Methods: TAMs were isolated form bone and soft tissue sarcoma by collagenase digestion and cultured in the presence of RANKL and M-CSF on coverslips and dentine slices for up to 21 days. The extent of osteoclast formation and resorption was determined by expression of osteoclast markers (TRAP, VNR, cathepsin K) in cell cultures on coverslips and the extent of lacunar resorption in cell cultures on dentine slices. Results: Osteoclast formation occurred only when RANKL and M-CSF were added to the TAM cultures. This resulted in the formation of numerous mononuclear multinucleated cells which were strongly TRAP, VNR and cathepsin K positive. In cell cultures on dentine slices, it was noted that these cells were capable of extensive lacunar resorption with formation of multiple large lacunar resorption pits. The addition of the bisphosphonate zoledronate to the cell cultures resulted in inhibition of osteoclast formation and complete absence of lacunar resorption. Conclusion: These findings indicate that sarcoma-associated macrophages are capable of differentiating into osteoclasts and that both RANKL and M-CSF are required for this to occur. This process is likely to contribute to tumour osteolysis associated with the growth of sarcomas in bone. Further assessment of the use of inhibitors of osteoclast formation/resorption, is also indicated by our results

Purpose of the study: Transfer of a vascularised fibular is an option after tumour resection to save the limb. Material and methods: Thirty-eight consecutive cases of malignant bone tumours located in the shaft of long bones of the lower limb were treated with a free transfer of a vascularised fibula. There were 30 femoral localisations and 8 tibial localisations, 32 first-intention transfers and six transfers after failure of an allograft. Mean age at transfer was 11.8 years (range 4.33–22.57). Adapted chemotherapy was associated. The Musculo-skeletal Tumour Society score was noted for the functional assessment. Healing was considered achieved when there was a bone bridge between the transplant and the recipient bone associated with disappearance of the osteotomy line. Outcome was expressed as mean or percentage with the 95% confidence interval. P< 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean follow-up for the 38 patients was 7.56 years (range 0.37–18.4). The mean MSTS was 27.2 (range 20–30).. This mean score was significantly higher (S t = 2.11> 2.04) for vascularised fibular transfer surgery immediately after tumour resection (27.4) than after revision surgery (25.4). The healing rate was 89%. The rate of healing failure of the vascularised free transfer was significantly greater (p=0.005< 0.05) after revision (33%) than after immediate transfer (6%). The rate of good results in the Boer classification was significantly higher for tibial than femoral reconstructions (p=0.006< 0.05), for immediate surgery than revision surgery (p=0.005< 0.05), and for Ewing tumours than for osteosarcoma (p=0.0019< 0.05). Discussion: Free transfer of a vascularised fibula is a reliable reconstruction technique for bone shaft loss of the lower limb after resection of a malignant bone tumour in children. This is a mutilating surgery with frequent complications but which can save the limb. This reconstruction surgery should be done at the same time as the resection. Healing of the vascularised fibular transplant is more difficult to achieve for femoral reconstructions than tibial reconstruction and there are more complications in the femoral localisation. Femoral reconstructions using a vascularised fibular transplant should be associated with an allograft

Purpose: Infection after resection and total knee arthoplasty for malignant bone tumours in children is a serious complication which may compromise limb salvage. The purpose of this work was to study the aetiology, treatment and prognosis of this event. Material and methods: Among the 169 total knee arthroplasties performed for malignant bone tumours between 1981 and 1999, we selected 17 patients meeting the following criteria: proven infection with identified germ on deep samples or presence of a fistula more than two years after surgery. All of the patients had osteogenic sarcomas (excluding Ewing sarcomas which account for 30% of the tumours in this localisation). The bone tumour involved the femur (n=11) or the tibia (n=6) and required extraarticular (n=14) or transarticular (n=2) resection. Infections were primary (n=9) developing after the first operation, or secondary (n=8) to surgical revision in six, joint wound in one, or haematogeneous dissemination in one patient. The causal germ was identified in thirteen patients (76%) and was a staphylococcus in all cases. Treatment included systemic antibiotics and lavage (n=10), one-procedure change in prosthesis (n=3), removal of the implant with replacement by a spacer (n=2), surgical abstention (n=2), or amputation (n=1). Results: Mean follow-up was eight years (2 – 16 years). On the average, treatment of infection lasted 51 months and required a 3.9 surgical interventions. At last follow-up, infection was considered cured in 70% of the patients who were free of clinical or laboratory signs of infection without antibiotics for at least one year. The arthroplasty could be preserved in one-third of the cases (22% of the primary infections and 50% of the secondary infections). Another treatment, arthrodesis (n=6), Borggreve procedure (n=1), or amputation (n=4), was given in the other two-thirds. Discussion: The 10% complication rate observed here is in agreement with data in the literature. Development of primary infection is influenced more by the histology of the tumour and the presence of skin wounds (methotrexate) than by tumour site or type of resection. The diagnosis of primary infection is made late, often at the end of the postoperative chemotherapy protocol. Changing the implant is the ideal treatment. Secondary infection is characteristically less difficult to diagnose; infection is recognised earlier and the chances of preserving the implant are better

Introduction: The workload of a bone and soft tissue tumour (BSTT) multidisciplinary team (MDT) is varied. Only a proportion of the workload attracts specific funding from the National Commissioning Group (NCG) but many patients who do not have primary malignant bone tumours are also seen and treated. We analysed the workload of our supra-regional BSTT MDT to determine the variety of conditions seen, the proportion that does not attract specific funding and the expertise required to run the service. Methods: A prospective database was used to identify all new patients discussed at our weekly BSTT MDT meetings between 2004 and 2008 inclusively. Patients were divided by diagnosis into eight categories and further identified as to whether or not they attracted funding under NCG regulations. Results: 1743 new patients were identified of which 83 were excluded. Of the remaining 1660, 65% were non-sarcoma and 50% were benign. 31% of the malignant workload was non-sarcoma. Only 9% of treated patients were eligible for NCG funding. Of those requiring surgery, the orthopaedic team managed 93% of benign and 77% of malignant cases; general, plastic, or thoracic surgical teams managed the remainder. Discussion: NCG funds the management of all malignant primary bone tumours and the investigation and/or treatment of other selected conditions; the majority of our workload does not qualify. Despite fluctuations in the total workload, the ratio of benign to malignant cases remains relatively constant. An effective MDT requires expertise across many specialties

Introduction: The workload of a bone and soft tissue tumour (BSTT) multidisciplinary team (MDT) is varied. Only a proportion of the workload attracts specific funding from the National Commissioning Group (NCG) but many patients who do not have primary malignant bone tumours are also seen and treated. We analysed the workload of our supra-regional BSTT MDT to determine the variety of conditions seen, the proportion that does not attract specific funding and the expertise required to run the service. Methods: A prospective database was used to identify all new patients discussed at our weekly BSTT MDT meetings between 2004 and 2008 inclusively. Patients were divided by diagnosis into eight categories and further identified as to whether or not they attracted funding under NCG regulations. Results: 1743 new patients were identified of which 83 were excluded. Of the remaining 1660, 65% were non-sarcoma and 50% were benign. 31% of the malignant workload was non-sarcoma. Only 11% of patients were eligible for NCG funding. Of those requiring surgery, the orthopaedic team managed 93% of benign and 77% of malignant cases; general, plastic, or thoracic surgical teams managed the remainder. Discussion: NCG funds the management of all malignant primary bone tumours and the investigation and/or treatment of other selected conditions; the majority of our workload does not qualify. Despite fluctuations in the total workload, the ratio of benign to malignant cases remains relatively constant. Considerable expertise across many different specialties is essential for an effective and efficient MDT

Chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignant bone tumour. Distinguishing between grades is not necessarily straightforward and may alter the management of the disease. We evaluated the correlation between the pre-operative needle biopsy and excision biopsy histological grading of chondrosarcoma of the femur, tibia and humerus. A consecutive retrospective series of 100 patients with a histological diagnosis of chondrosarcoma was reviewed. Twenty-one patients were excluded because 20 had only excision biopsy and one had only the pre-operative biopsy on record, thus this series included 79 available cases. In 11 instances, there was a discrepancy in histological grade. Therefore, there was an 86% (68 out of 79) accuracy rate for pre-operative histological grading of chondrosarcoma, based on needle biopsy. However, the accuracy of the diagnostic biopsy to distinguish low-grade from high-grade was 90% (71 out of 79)

Introduction: Massive endoprostheses are widely employed in limb salvage surgery for malignant bone tumours. Whilst joint preservation rather than replacement is usually attempted, cases arise where there is insufficient bone following tumour resection to allow adequate fixation of a joint sparing prosthesis. Method: We report a series of four patients (aged 4–12), in which irradiated autologous bone was combined with distal femoral replacement in order to preserve the native hip joint. Results: There were three cases of Osteosarcoma and one Ewing’s sarcoma. After a mean follow-up of 53.5 months (range 9–168), all four patients are alive without evidence of local recurrence or metastases. One implant was revised after 14 years following fracture of the extending component of the growing endoprosthesis. There were no cases of loosening or peri-prosthetic fracture. Discussion: This is the first report of a new technique utilising irradiated autologous proximal femoral bone combined with distal femoral replacement in skeletally immature patients

Since1986 we have monitored the actual diagnosis of all cases referred to our Unit with the diagnosis of ‘possible primary malignant bone tumour’. We have excluded all patients referred with a known diagnosis of either a benign condition or known to have bone metastases. In most cases the suspected diagnosis was based on X-rays alone, sometimes supported by further imaging. Method. Retrospective review of a prospective database that was started in 1986 identifying the actual diagnosis. Results. There were 5922 patients with a confirmed diagnosis over the 23 year time period of this study. 2205 (37%) were found to have a primary malignant bone sarcoma and 1309 (22%) had a benign bone tumour. 992 patients had a general orthopaedic condition (e.g. geode or a vascular necrosis) whilst 303 (5%) had a haematological malignancy and 289 (4.9%) infection. 533 patients (9%) had metastases. There was a similar pattern of frequency of all diagnoses except for metastatic disease and haematologic malignancy at different ages. The incidence of metastases increased from the age of 35 onwards. Discussion. Analysis of this data has led to an algorithm for investigating ‘worrying’ bones that should lead to earlier diagnosis whilst avoiding unnecessary investigations

Although originally designed to aid the management of primary malignant bone tumours, the indications for modular endoprosthetic replacement (EPR) have expanded to include complex periprosthetic fractures and failed internal fixation. The incidence of these challenging cases is increasing with an aged population. We reviewed retrospectively our experience with the use of EPR in patients who had undergone limb salvage following complex trauma presentations. Between 2003 and 2008 twenty one patients underwent EPR following referral to the Oxford Sarcoma Service following lower limb trauma. The average age was 71 years (44–87). The average number of previous surgical procedures was 3 (range 0–11). The mean Harris Hip Score was 89.5 (range 64–85). The mean American Knee Society Score was 82 (range 62–100) and the mean functional score was 62 (range 30–75). Complications included two cases of deep infection; one resulted in a two stage revision procedure, while the other retained the EPR following a washout. EPR is an effective salvage procedure for failed trauma fixation and periprosthetic fractures. Immediate weight bearing and a good functional outcome can be expected in this difficult group of patients

Introduction. The aim of this study is to evaluate the functional and oncological outcome of extracorporeally irradiated autografts as a method of pelvic reconstruction after internal hemipelvectomy. Methods. The study included fifteen patients with primary malignant bone tumours of the pelvis. There were 10 males and 5 females with a mean age of 21.5 years (range, 8 to 46 years). Six patients had Ewing's sarcoma, six osteosarcoma, and three chondrosarcoma. Results. At a mean follow-up of 52.3 months (range, 4 to 180 months), five patients were free from disease, nine had died with metastatic disease, while one patient was alive with pulmonary metastasis. Local recurrence occurred in three patients (20%) and all eventually died of disease progression. Two patients developed deep infection which necessitated graft removal. The mean MSTS functional score in those thirteen patients who could be followed up for at least 12 months was 77% (range, 60-87%). According to Mankin's allograft functional grading system, there were five excellent, five good, one fair result and two failures. Discussion. Periacetabular reconstruction after tumour resection is a real challenge to orthopaedic surgeons. There is no ideal method of reconstruction and the decision needs to be individualized. Extracorporeal irradiation and re-implantation of bone is a valid method of reconstruction after pelvic resections with acceptable morbidity rate and functional outcome that compares favourably to other available reconstructive techniques