We established a sampling workflow to receive tissue samples from patients requiring surgical debridement due to SA bone-and joint or soft-tissue infections. We developed a multiplex immunofluorescent staining protocol which allowed us to stain for SA, leukocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, B-cells, T-cells, DAPI and cytoplasmatic marker on the same sample slide. Further, distance of SA to cell nuclei was measured. Interaction of immune cells and SA on a single cell level was investigated with high-resolution 3D microscopy. We then validated our findings applying fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) on digested patient samples. Finally, we aimed to reproduce our Aim
Method
The most commonly used surgical techniques used to treat recurrent or habitual patellar dislocation in the child do not specifically address the patella alta, one of the major causes of patellar dislocation. Twelve knees in eight patients had a lowering of the patella by total tendon transfer, lateral release and vastus medialis obliquus advancement. At two years of follow-up, only one knee had redislocated. Radiographically, the patellar height was anatomically restored in all other knees. All patients were pain free. This surgical technique is a good treatment option in the immature patient with recurrent or habitual patellar dislocation. Patella alta is one of the major causes known to predispose children to recurrent or habitual patellar dislocation. However, the surgical treatment of such a condition, before squeletal maturity, is rarely if ever mentioned in the literature. Twelve knees in eight patients were treated with a surgical procedure designated to correct patella alta, the major predisposing factor causing recurrent patellar dislocation. The technique involves lowering of the patella by total tendon transfer, lateral release and vastus medialis obliquus advancement. All patients were complaining of recurrent or habitual dislocations leading to functional disability. Patellar height was assessed radiographically by the Koshimoto index (PT/FT) and Caton-Deschamps index (AT/AP). The average at surgery was 10.9 years and mean follow-up was 45.1 months. Follow-up revealed redislocation in one knee. This patient required a second operation to achieve patellar stability. At the latest follow-up, all operated knees were functionally stable and pain free. The average preoperative ratios were 1.28 (PT/FT) and 1.53 (AT/AP) which improved to 0.97 (PT/FT) and 0.96 (AT/AP) at the time of follow-up. Few complications were noted. This technique is a valid surgical alternative to treat the immature patient presenting with functional disability related to recurrent or habitual patellar dislocation associated with patella alta.
