Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been used for many years as a bearing surface in total joint replacement (TJR). However, late-state failure in TJR is predominantly caused by osteolysis mediated by wear particles. We tested our hypothesis that UHMWPE nanoparticles are important determinants in activating dendritic cells (DCs). UHMWPE wear particles generated from a knee simulator were profiled using an atomic force microscopy and fractionated into six fractions: 0.05-0.2, 0.2-0.8, 0.8-1, 1-5, 5-10, and 10-20 micrometer. Effects of each fraction, a mixture of nano-sized fractions, and a mixture of all fractions on the activation of mice spleen DCs were determined using flow cytometry with specific antibodies of anti-CD11c-APC, anti-CD80-PE, anti-CD11b-PerCp, anti-CD86-Biotin and streptavidin-FITC. Supernatant from DCs treated with wear particles were assayed for IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12/23, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. Activation of human osteoclasts (OCs) by wear particles were determined using TRAP stain.Aim
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To evaluate the effect of claiming compensation on health status for people with mild to moderate injuries sustained in road traffic collisions (RTC). The design was a prospective cohort study in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia and a fault based compensation system. The subjects were people with mild to moderate musculoskeletal injuries who presented to the emergency department within 7 days of an RTC. Outcome Measures were Physical Component Score (PCS) and Mental Component Score (MCS) of the Short Form 36 (SF-36) health status measure; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); and the Functional Rating Index (FRI). These measures were recorded immediately RTC, and at 6 and 12 months.Objective
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