The axillary nerve injuries most commonly are observed after trauma such as contusion-stretch, gunshot wound, laceration and iatrogenic injuries. Two of the most commons causes seem to be the glenohumeral dislocation and the proximal humerus fractures. The axillary nerve may sustain a simple contusion, or its terminal elements may be avulsed from the deltoid muscle. Compressive neuropathy in the quadrilateral space also has been reported (quadrilateral space syndrome, Calhill and Palmer, 1983). The axillary nerve injuries incidence represents less than 1% of all nerve injuries.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze outcome in patients, who presented with injuries to the axillary nerve

Material and methods: We report a series of 15 cases of axillary nerve lesions, which were operated between 1995 and 2002. These injuries resulted from shoulder injury either with or without fracture and or dislocation.

Patients were operated between 3 to 6 months after trauma and an anterior deltopectoral approach was usually followed during surgery. The follow up period ranged from 1 to 8 years.

Results: The results were considered as satisfactory in 11 out of 15 axillary nerve lesions. According to clinical examination, of the function of the shoulder and the muscle strength the results were classified as excellent in 5 cases, good in 6 cases and poor in 4 cases.

Conclusions: If indicated, nerve repair can lead to useful function in carefully selected patients

Introduction: Objective of our study is to present the effect of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solu-Medrol) on post-traumatic edema and on skin quality after a malleolar fracture. Material and Methods: 35 patients with an ankle fracture presented in our clinic from October 2001 till April 2002, 14 of whom had a surgical treatment by the day of their admission. The rest of them (a total of 21) were admitted in our clinic and were classified into 3 groups of 7 patients each. In two first groups was administered methylprednisolone in I.V. infusion during the first post-traumatic 8 hrs. Most specifically: In the first group was administered methylprednisolone I.V. in a dosage form of 500 mg every 12 hrs, for a day. In the second group was administered methylprednisolone I.V. in a dosage form of 250 mg every 8 hrs, also for a day, while in the third group there was no methylprednisolone administration. The perimeter of the ankle in lateral malleolus area was measured in both injured and healthy leg, the day of patient’s admission and the day after. The healthy leg was used as a control and skin condition was estimated clinically. Results: In group 3 there was a great increase in injured limb perimeter (of about 4–5 cm) the 2nd day and we found Chassaignac blisters of a good size (about 3–4 cm) in two patients. The first two groups presented a similar result, that means a moderate increase in injured limb perimeter without blister formation or skin necrosis. Discussion: In time intravenous administration of methylprednisolone minimized the post-traumatic edema in malleolar fractures and improved the quality of the skin which is usually an important problem in injuries of that type and prolong the hospitalization of these patients. Dosage of 250 mg x 3 for a day is equally effective compared to bigger doses and we suggest it because of the reduced danger for corticosteroids side effects.

Aim: This retrospective study presents the results of humeral pseudarthrosis management, in our clinic, during the period 1997–2002.

Material: 21 patients with humeral pseudarthrosis were treated during this period. 7 were men, with an average age of 48, 6 (range 22–63) and 14 were women, with an average age of 63, 3 (range 42–80). The initial treatment in 19 cases was conservative and in 2 cases surgical (internal fixation with plate – screws or intramedullary nailing). The average time of the humeral pseudarthrosis management was 5,9 months (4–10 months).3 pseudarthrosis were oligotrophic and 18 atrophic.

Method: All patients underwent an open reduction, internal fixation and bone grafting (autografts and/or allografts).In humeral shaft pseudarthrosis a wide plate was applied, while in superior humeral metaphysis pseudarthrosis, a T-plate. In all cases impaction of the fracture edges was achieved.

Results: The average follow-up was 40,2 months (range 4–68 months).Union was achieved in all cases in an average of 2,8 months (range 2–8 months). Direct postoperative mobilisation and physical therapy was applied in 20 cases and only in 1 case a “Sarmiento” splint was applied for 3 weeks. In 2 cases a postoperative haematoma presented. In 1 case a pre-existed paresis of the radial nerve after the initial treatment of the fracture with internal fixation, came back 3 months after the management of pseudarthrosis and the release of the nerve. All patients’ revealed good functional rehabilitation, about 85–90% compared with the normal arm. Arm shortening in no case was greater than 2 cm.

Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation is the treatment of choice in the management of the humeral pseudarthrosis. The impaction of the fracture edges into each other strengthens significantly the stability of the fracture and promotes union.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the outcome in patients with acetabular fractures treated either conservatively or surgically

Method: From 1990–2000, we treated 152 patients with 158 acetabular fractures. 63 patients were treated nonoperatively and 95 operatively. According to Tile classification there were 70 type A, 52 type B, 36 type C fractures. Mean follow up was 90 months (23–151 months). Indications for surgery were fracture displacement of more than 2mm, hip joint instability, intrarticular fragments and ipsilateral femoral fracture. Surgical approaches used included the kocher-Langenbeck and the triradiate approach. Follow up consisted of radiological examination and functional assessment using Merle d’ Aubigne score.

Results: 53 conservatively treated patients followed up. 39 (73.6%) had excellent and good results and 14 (26.4%) fair and poor results due to excessive fracture comminution, severe osteoporosis, or they were too sick to be operated on.

83 operatively treated patients with 85 fractures were followed-up. Anatomic reduction was achieved in 57 fractures, satisfactory in 18 and poor in 10 fractures.

Functional outcome was excellent or good in 60 (72.3%) patients and fair and poor in 23 (27,7%).The complications were 3 wound infections, 4 cases of femoral head osteonecrosis, 3 cases of secondary loss of reduction and 5 cases of significant ectopic ossification.

Conclusion: The outcome of these difficult fractures depends on restoration of hip joint congruity and stability and correlates closely to radiographic result.