The median nerve compression in the carpal tunnel is the most common compression syndrome of the upper limb. In most cases it is idiopathic but may also occur from anatomical, traumatic, endocrine, rheumatic or tumoral causes. Chow's endoscopic technique was initially used to treat this disease and then modified to a mini-open approach through a single palmar incision. This incision is similar to the one used in endoscopic release by Agee. After exposing the proximal part of the transverse carpal ligament a meniscus knife is advanced until there is a complete section of the ligament, without endoscopic equipment. Between 2004 and 2006, 200 hands in 179 patients with a diagnosis based on clinical and electromyographic criteria were operated by this mini-open technique. The mean follow-up was 49 months (minimum of 34 months and a maximum of 70 months). 50 randomly selected patients were submitted to the self-administered Boston questionnaire. 50 patients treated by the minimal-incision decompression during the same period were also given the questionnaire. The aesthetic satisfaction was registered as well as if they would have surgery on the other hand or would recommend the procedure. This mini-open technique is another technique available to the surgeon that allows very similar functional results to endoscopic surgery, without use of specific material and with a shorter surgical time