A total of 157 hindquarter amputations were carried out in our institution during the last 30 years. We have investigated the reasons why this procedure is still required and the outcome. This operation was used as treatment for 13% of all pelvic bone sarcomas. It was curative in 140 and palliative in 17, usually to relieve pain. There were 90 primary procedures (57%) with the remaining 67 following the failure of previous operations to control the disease locally. The indication for amputation in primary disease was for large tumours for which limb-salvage surgery was no longer feasible. The peri-operative mortality was 1.3% (n = 2) and major complications of wound healing or infection arose in 71 (45%) patients. The survival at five years after hindquarter amputation with the intent to cure was 45%, and at ten years 38%. Local recurrence occurred in 23 patients (15%). Phantom pain was a significant problem, and only 20% used their prosthesis regularly. Functional scores were a mean of 57%. With careful patient selection the oncological results and functional outcomes of hindquarter amputation justify its continued use. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:127–31

Hindquarter amputations for bone or soft tissue sarcoma cause a high degree of disability in patients and are associated with high morbidity rates. The goal of this study is to determine prognostic factors for outcome and analyse quality of life after resection, in order to better select patients who are more likely to benefit from a hindquarter amputation. Our prospectively collected database was searched for all patients treated with a hindquarter amputation between 1989 and 2015. Clinical and histopathological features were analysed for their prognostic value using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard analysis. Endpoints were set at recurrent disease and death. Also, functional and social outcome as well as pain was assessed from the hospital charts in the patients that are still alive. 82 patients underwent a hindquarter resection in the given time frame. Of these patients, 63 were treated with a curative intent. The median hospital stay was 25 days, and 49% of the patients had wound complications. The in-hospital mortality was 6%. The 5-year overall survival in the whole group was 31%, while disease free survival was 26%. As expected, patients with metastases at presentation had a significantly worse outcome, while patients with locally recurrent sarcoma had the same outcome as patients with primary sarcoma. For those patients treated with curative intent, younger age was correlated with better survival, while higher histological grade was correlated with worse disease free survival. The functional and social outcome for patients who survived more then one year varied widely, with about 50% of the patients living an acceptable social life with reasonable pain levels and mobility status. Hindquarter amputations for sarcoma patients are still indicated for a select group of patients. Younger patients and/or patients with low grade sarcomas are more likely to benefit form this resection in terms of survival and long term function. However, for patients with less favourable prognostic factors a hindquarter operation might be an unreasonable palliative option

Aims. Survival rates and local control after resection of a sarcoma of the pelvis compare poorly to those of the limbs and have a high incidence of complications. The outcome for patients who need a hindquarter amputation (HQA) to treat a pelvic sarcoma is poor. Our aim was to evaluate the patient, tumour, and reconstructive factors that affect the survival of the patients who undergo HQA for primary or recurrent pelvic sarcoma. Methods. We carried out a retrospective review of all sarcoma patients who had undergone a HQA in a supraregional sarcoma unit between 1996 and 2018. Outcomes included oncological, surgical, and survival characteristics. Results. A total of 136 patients, with a mean age of 51 (12 to 83) underwent HQA, 91 for a bone sarcoma and 45 for a soft tissue sarcoma. The overall survival (OS) after primary HQA for a bone sarcoma was 90.7 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 64.1 to 117.2). In patients undergoing a secondary salvage HQA it was 90.3 months (95% CI 58.1 to 122.5) (p = 0.727). For those treated for a soft tissue sarcoma (STS), the mean OS was 59.3 months (95% CI 31.1 to 88.6) for patients with a primary HQA, and 12.5 months (95% CI 9.4 to 15.5) for those undergoing a secondary salvage HQA (p = 0.038). On multivariate analysis, high histological grade (hazard ratio (HR) 2.033, 95% CI 1.127 to 3.676; p = 0.018) and a diagnosis of STS (HR 1.653, 95% CI 1.027 to 2.660; p = 0.039) were associated with a poor prognosis. The 30-day mortality for patients with curative intent was 0.8% (1/128). For those in whom surgery was carried out with palliative intent it was 33.3% (2/6) (p = 0.001). In total, 53.7% (n = 73) of patients had at least one complication with 23.5% (n = 32) requiring at least one further operation. Direct closure was inferior to flap reconstruction in terms of complete primary wound healing (60.0% (3/5) vs 82.0% (82/100); p = 0.023). Conclusion. In carefully selected patients HQA is associated with satisfactory overall survival, with a low risk of perioperative mortality, but considerable morbidity. However, caution must be exercised when considering the procedure for palliation due to the high incidence of early postoperative mortality. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(6):788–794

Background: Advances in adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies have rendered many tumours that previously necessitated amputation amenable to limb salvage procedures. However, a significant proportion of tumours are still treated by hindquarter amputation in an attempt to cure the patient, or to reduce the tumour load. This tends to be lengthy, mutilating and is associated with high morbidity and poor survivorship. Aims: To review the survivorship, quality of life and functional assessment following hindquarter amputations performed in this centre in the last 10 years. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 51 consecutive patients who had hindquarter amputations for tumours between 1996 to 2006. Available patients were evaluated using contemporary functional outcome assessments (Musculoskeletal Society Tumour Score, Toronto Extremity Salvage Score, SF36). Results: Fifty-one patients (31 males, 20 females) had palliative(8) or curative hindquarter amputations(43) for Chondrosarcoma(18), Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma(6), Osteosarcoma(4) and other sarcoma sub-types(23). The mean age was 50.7 years (range 24–78). The mean duration of symptoms until referral was 5.2 months, the mean time from referral to tissue diagnosis was 16.2 days (range 2–80) and the time from confirmed histological diagnosis to surgery was 39.2 days (range 2–190) on average. Significant complications included phantom limb pain(15), wound problems(24), urinary problems(6), cardiopulmonary events(5) and erectile dysfunction(3). 33 of the 51 patients have passed away, with a mean survival postoperatively of 10.7 months (range 2–43), with carcinomatosis the main cause of death. The mean cumulative survival following hindquarter amputation in this hospital is 17.3 months. Conclusions: Patients with no metastasis and clear margins at amputation had a better cumulative survival rate. Therefore the decision to proceed for hindquarter amputation to achieve a curative resection is justified but has to be weighed up against the associated significant complications, morbidity and functional deterioration

Survival in the wake of hindquarter amputation and oncological treatment is improving; the hindquarter amputee population is increasing. Some amputees function well, others do not. To assess quality of life and function of hindquarter amputees. 21 amputees (10 females and 11 males) consented to take part in the study. Ethics approval was sought. Assessment was performed using postal questionnaires; SF36 for quality of life; TESS (Toronto Extremity Salvage Score) for physical function and mobility; IEFF( International Index for Erectile Function) for male sexual function; a prosthetics questionnaire to assess prosthetic use. Mean age of the group was 55 with the mean survival of 7 years post amputation. Quality of life results were compared to normal subjects and patients for long term illness. Amputees had a significant reduction in quality of life concerning physical function and pain. Social function, mental health and energy levels were equivalent to patients with long term illness. The mean TESS result was 56.9 with females having a mean score of 61.7 and male of 48. 50% of the group considered themselves as severely to completely disabled; 50% considered themselves moderately disabled. Five were in full time employment. Six males responded to the sexual function questionnaire. Impotence was universally experienced. Only five amputees used their prosthesis regularly. All amputees have experienced and 20 continue to experience phantom pain. This study illustrates that hind quarter amputees have poor physical function and a low quality of life. Phantom pain is universally experienced. Male amputees experience impotence. Addressing these areas would improve the life of current and future hind quarter amputees

Background. Advances in diagnosis and treatment should mean that hindquarter amputation is now rarely needed. Unfortunately this is not the case. We have performed 166 of these amputations in the past 36 years. We have investigated the reasons why this procedure is still required and the outcomes following it. Method. A retrospective review of data stored on a prospective database. Results. Hindquarter amputation was used as treatment for 15% of all primary bone tumours affecting the pelvis. 146 were performed with curative intent but 20 were performed purely for palliation, usually to relieve pain. 96 of the procedures were needed as part of primary treatment, with the other 70 being needed following failure of local control after other surgical procedures. The indication for amputation in primary disease was almost always due to a significant delay in diagnosis, allowing tumours (particularly chondrosarcomas) to become massive by the time of diagnosis. The peri-operative mortality was 3% and 45% had major wound healing problems or infection. The median survival times after curative and palliative procedures were 36 months and 8 months respectively. The survival after hindquarter amputation for curative intent at 1, 3 and 5 years was 74%, 60% and 48%. Overall survival was better with chondrosarcoma – 52% of the patients surviving more than 10 years had chondrosarcoma. Phantom pain was a significant problem; fewer than 10% use their prosthesis regularly. Despite this functional scores averaged 61% – not significantly worse than patients who had undergone pelvic replacements!. Conclusion. Hindquarter amputation is still regularly required both for primary and salvage treatment in musculoskeletal oncology. Earlier diagnosis of pelvic tumours may avoid its use. Survival is not surprisingly worse than for tumours at other sites

We reviewed 34 hindquarter amputations performed for malignant tumours around the hip from 1971 to 1988, classifying them as palliative or curative according to the resection margins or the presence of disseminated disease at the time of surgery. There were three peri-operative deaths, 12 palliative and 19 curative procedures. Ten patients died of disseminated disease within a year of surgery, eight of whom had had a palliative operation. Three patients died between one and five years after palliative surgery. One died of unrelated disease at nine years. Seventeen patients are disease free an average of 31 months from surgery, 16 after curative procedures. The median survival after palliative amputations was six months and the 5-year survival rate for curative cases was 83%

Skeletal tuberculosis is an indolent disease whose diagnosis is often delayed. Evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis is present in less than 50% of cases. We present our experience from a small inner city district hospital of the difficulties managing patients with skeletal tuberculosis. During the period 1988 to 1998 a total of 38 patients with tuberculous osteomyelitis confirmed microbiologically by tissue culture or histologically on material gained at biopsy presented to our inner city hospital serving 250 000 patients. Two groups of patients were identified in our series. There was an acute group that tended to affect the appendicular skeleton and who responded to local treatment plus chemotherapy with restoration of normal function. In contrast the second group, who were difficult to diagnose, had axial skeleton involvement, deteriorated before treatment and had a poor outcome despite treatment. Failure of admitting medical teams to examine the axial skeleton in their confused patients led to a delay in diagnosis of skeletal tuberculosis in this second group with profound consequences. All health professionals will be encountering skeletal tuberculosis more frequently with the recent resurgence of pulmonary tuberculosis. They may have little experience with the management of this condition and may overlook the diagnosis with consequent catastrophic results. A high index of suspicion is required for prompt diagnosis with early referral to an orthopaedic surgeon improving outcome. Survival in the wake of hindquarter amputation and oncological treatment is improving; the hindquarter amputee population is increasing. Some amputees function well others do not. To assess quality of life and function of hindquarter amputees. 21 amputees (10 females and 11 males) consented to take part in the study. Ethics approval was sought. Assessment was performed using postal questionnaires; SF36 for quality of life; TESS (Toronto Extremity Salvage Score) for physical function and mobility; IEFF( International Index for Erectile Function) for male sexual function; a prosthetics questionnaire to assess prosthetic use. Mean age of the group was 55 with the mean survival of 7 years post amputation. Quality of life results were compared to normal subjects and patients for long tern illness. Amputees had a significant reduction in quality of life concerning physical function and pain. Social function, mental health and energy levels were equivalent to patients with long term illness. The mean TESS result was 56.9 with females having a mean score of 61.7 and male of 48. 50% of the group considered themselves as severely to completely disabled; 50% considered themselves moderately disabled. Five were in full time employment. Six males responded to the sexual function questionnaire. Impotence was universally experienced. Only five amputees used their prosthesis regularly. All amputees have experienced and 20 continue to experience phantom pain. This study illustrates that hindquarter amputees have poor physical function and a low quality of life. Phantom pain is universally experienced. Male amputees experience impotence. Addressing these areas would improve the life of current and future hindquarter amputees

The April 2013 Oncology Roundup. 360 . looks at: the margin for error; new money for old risks; hindquarter amputation; custom tumour jigs; preserving the tibial epiphysis; how long is long enough?; genomics and radiation-induced bone tumours; and India ink

Purpose: Resection of pelvic sarcoma with limb preservation (internal hemipelvectomy) is a major undertaking. Resection requires large areas of soft-tissue to be removed. Because of wound complications, we manage these defects with immediate tissue transfer (ITT) at the time of resection when a large defect is anticipated. This study compares the outcomes of ITT with primary wound closure (PWC). Method: Twenty patients undergoing 22 separate procedures (1995–2007) were identified in our prospectively maintained database. Demographics, tumour type, operative data and complications, and functional scores (MSTS-1993, TESS) were collected. Results: Twelve defects were managed with ITT, nine with pedicled myocutaneous vertical rectus abdominis (VRAM) flaps (one received double VRAM flaps due to the large defect), two with tensor fascia lata (TFL) rotation flaps (one augmented by local V-Y advancement, the other with gluteus maximus rotation flap) and one received latissimus dorsi free tissue transfer. Four wound complications necessitated operative intervention in this group: two debrided VRAM flaps went on to heal and the two TFL flaps required revision: one to VRAM flap and the other to a latissimus dorsi free flap which ultimately suffered chronic infection and hindquarter amputation was performed. Ten defects were managed with PWC, and 5 wound complications occurred, all five suffered infection, one developed hematoma and one dehisced. One wound resolved with debridement, two healed after revision to pedicled gracilis and gluteus maximus myocutaneous flaps. Two patients were converted to hindquarter amputation due to chronic infection. Functional scores were collected on 8 of 12 living patients, at time of writing. The mean TESS scores were 83 and 73 in the ITT and PWC groups. Five patients in the ITT and 3 in the PWC group were deceased. Conclusion: Soft-tissue closure following pelvic sarcoma resection remains a difficult challenge, and our experience reflects that. There were fewer wound complications (33% v 50%) and slightly better function with ITT than PWC, but this was not statistically significant due to the small size of our study. Although small, this study suggests ITT should be considered whenever a large soft tissue defect is anticipated

The February 2024 Oncology Roundup³⁶⁰ looks at: Does primary tumour resection improve survival for patients with sarcomas of the pelvis with metastasis at diagnosis?; Proximal femur replacements for an oncologic indication offer a durable endoprosthetic reconstruction option: a 40-year experience; The importance of awaiting biopsy results in solitary pathological proximal femoral fractures: do we need to biopsy solitary pathological fractures?; Effect of radiotherapy on local recurrence, distant metastasis, and overall survival in 1,200 extremity soft-tissue sarcoma patients; What to choose in bone tumour resections? Patient-specific instrumentation versus surgical navigation; Optimal timing of re-excision in synovial sarcoma patients: immediate intervention versus waiting for local recurrence; Survival differences of patients with resected extraskeletal osteosarcoma receiving two different (neo) adjuvant chemotherapy regimens; Solitary versus multiple bone metastases in the appendicular skeleton: should the surgical treatment be different?.

A 15-year-old girl presented with a very large desmoid tumour in her buttock; it extended into the pelvis and thigh and would have required hindquarter amputation for its removal. This was not performed and the tumour underwent spontaneous regression. Fourteen years later the patient is alive and well. The suggestion is made that in some cases a more expectant approach to treatment might be justified for what is essentially a non-malignant condition

Aims

Custom triflange acetabular components (CTACs) play an important role in reconstructive orthopaedic surgery, particularly in revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) and pelvic tumour resection procedures. Accurate CTAC positioning is essential to successful surgical outcomes. While prior studies have explored CTAC positioning in rTHA, research focusing on tumour cases and implant flange positioning precision remains limited. Additionally, the impact of intraoperative navigation on positioning accuracy warrants further investigation. This study assesses CTAC positioning accuracy in tumour resection and rTHA cases, focusing on the differences between preoperative planning and postoperative implant positions.

Over a 25-year period we have treated 36 patients with osteosarcoma of the pelvis. Of the tumours, 24 (67%) were primary osteosarcomas and 12 (33%) arose either after irradiation or in association with Paget’s disease. Six patients had a hindquarter amputation and 12 were treated by a limb-salvage procedure with intrapelvic excision. The five-year survival rate of all the patients with pelvic osteosarcoma was 18%, while for 17 treated by chemotherapy and surgery it was 41%. The prognosis for patients presenting with metastases or with secondary osteosarcoma was appalling and none survived after 29 months. No patient over the age of 50 years when seen initially survived for a year. Youth and a good response to chemotherapy along with complete surgical excision offer the best chance of cure

Introduction. The success of total hip replacement in the young has consistently been worse both radiologically and clinically when compared to the standard hip replacement population. Methods. We describe the clinical and radiological outcome of 58 consecutive polished tapered stems (PTS) in 47 patients with a minimum of 10 years follow-up (mean 12 years 6 months) and compared this to our cohort of standard patients. There were 22 CPT stems and 36 Exeter stems. Results. Three patients with 4 hips died before 10 years and one hip was removed as part of a hindquarter amputation due to vascular disease. None of these stems had been revised or shown any signs of failure at their last follow-up. No stems were lost to follow-up and the fate of all stems is known. Survivorship with revision of the femoral component for aseptic loosening as the endpoint was zero and 4% (2 stems) for potential revision. The Harris hip scores were good or excellent in 81% of the patients (mean score 86). All the stems subsided within the cement to a mean total of 1.8mm (0.2-8) at final review. There was excellent preservation of proximal bone and an extremely low incidence of loosening at the cement bone interface. Cup failure and cup wear with an associated periarticular osteolysis was a serious problem. 19% of the cups (10) were revised and 25% of the hips (13) had significant periarticular osteolysis associated with excessive polyethylene wear. Discussion. The outcome of polished tapered stems in this age group is as good as in the standard age group and superior to other non PTS designs in young patients. This is despite higher weight and frequent previous surgery. Cup wear and cup failure were significantly worse in this group, with a higher incidence of periarticular osteolysis

Aim: To identify tumour and treatment factors significant for both local control and survival for patients with chondrosarcoma of the pelvis. Method: The features of all patients with non metastatic chondrosarcoma of the pelvis treated at a tertiary treatment centre between 1971 and 2001 with more than 2 years of follow-up were analyzed. Results: There were 106 patients with a median age of 44. There were equal numbers of male and female patients in the group. The median size of the tumours was 12cm. 47 tumours were grade 1, 37 were grade 2 and 22 were grade 3. Treatment involved hindquarter amputation in 33 and excision with or without reconstruction in 73. Clear margins (wide or better) were achieved in 34 cases. The excision was marginal in 30 cases and intralesional or contaminated in 37. Local recurrence arose in 39 patients and was related to adequate margins of excision (p=0.03) and grade (p=0.01). Overall survival was 72% at 5 years, 56% at 10 years and 46% at 15 years. Survival was strongly related to grade (p=0.08) but survival beyond 5 years was most strongly related to the adequacy of the excision margins. Conclusion: Tumour grade is the most important prognostic factor for chondrosarcoma of the pelvis but the ability to obtain clear margins of excision influences both local control and the prospects for long term survival

Aims

Dislocation of the hip remains a major complication after periacetabular tumour resection and endoprosthetic reconstruction. The position of the acetabular component is an important modifiable factor for surgeons in determining the risk of postoperative dislocation. We investigated the significance of horizontal, vertical, and sagittal displacement of the hip centre of rotation (COR) on postoperative dislocation using a CT-based 3D model, as well as other potential risk factors for dislocation.