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The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 97-B, Issue 1 | Pages 76 - 82
1 Jan 2015
Siebachmeyer M Boddu K Bilal A Hester TW Hardwick T Fox TP Edmonds M Kavarthapu V

We report the outcomes of 20 patients (12 men, 8 women, 21 feet) with Charcot neuro-arthropathy who underwent correction of deformities of the ankle and hindfoot using retrograde intramedullary nail arthrodesis. The mean age of the patients was 62.6 years (46 to 83); their mean BMI was 32.7 (15 to 47) and their median American Society of Anaesthetists score was 3 (2 to 4). All presented with severe deformities and 15 had chronic ulceration. All were treated with reconstructive surgery and seven underwent simultaneous midfoot fusion using a bolt, locking plate or a combination of both. At a mean follow-up of 26 months (8 to 54), limb salvage was achieved in all patients and 12 patients (80%) with ulceration achieved healing and all but one patient regained independent mobilisation. There was failure of fixation with a broken nail requiring revision surgery in one patient. Migration of distal locking screws occurred only when standard screws had been used but not with hydroxyapatite-coated screws. The mean American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Foot and Ankle (AAOS-FAO) score improved from 50.7 (17 to 88) to 65.2 (22 to 88), (p = 0.015). The mean Short Form (SF)-36 Health Survey Physical Component Score improved from 25.2 (16.4 to 42.8) to 29.8 (17.7 to 44.2), (p = 0.003) and the mean Euroqol EQ‑5D‑5L score improved from 0.63 (0.51 to 0.78) to 0.67 (0.57 to 0.84), (p = 0.012).

Single-stage correction of deformity using an intramedullary hindfoot arthrodesis nail is a good form of treatment for patients with severe Charcot hindfoot deformity, ulceration and instability provided a multidisciplinary care plan is delivered.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:76–82.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 106-B, Issue SUPP_7 | Pages 20 - 20
8 May 2024
Eyre-Brook A Ring J Gadd R Davies H Chadwick C Davies M Blundell C
Full Access

Introduction. Ankle fractures in the elderly are an increasing problem with our aging population. Options for treatment include non-operative and operative with a range of techniques available. Failure of treatment can lead to significant complications, morbidity and poor function. We compared the outcomes of two operative techniques, intramedullary hindfoot nailing (IMN) and fibular-pro-tibia fixation (FPT). This is the largest analysis of these techniques and there are no comparative studies published. Method. We retrospectively reviewed patients over the age of 60 with ankle fractures who were treated operatively between 2012 and 2017. We identified 1417 cases, including 27 patients treated with IMN and 41 treated with FPT. Age, sex, co-morbidities and injury pattern were collected. Primary outcome was re-operation rate. Secondary outcomes included other complications, length of stay and functional status. Results. The IMN group had a higher average co-morbidity score compared with the FPT group (estimated 10-year survival, 21% vs 53%, p=0.03). Re-operation rate was higher in the IMN group compared with FPT (12 v 1, p< 0.0001). There were more complications in the IMN group compared with the FPT group (23 v 11, p< 0.0001). Length of stay was longer in the IMN group (17 v 29 days, p=0.02). Mobility tended to return to baseline in the FPT patients but decreased in the IMN patients. Conclusion. Outcomes were worse in the IMN group compared with the FPT group in terms of re-operation, complications and length of stay. However, the IMN group tended to have increased comorbidities and poorer soft tissues. We believe that both techniques have a role in the management of elderly ankle fractures, but patient selection is key. We suggest FPT should be the first-choice technique when soft tissues permit. We discuss the indications, risks and benefits of each method based on our experience and literature review


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 100-B, Issue 2 | Pages 190 - 196
1 Feb 2018
Chraim M Krenn S Alrabai HM Trnka H Bock P

Aims. Hindfoot arthrodesis with retrograde intramedullary nailing has been described as a surgical strategy to reconstruct deformities of the ankle and hindfoot in patients with Charcot arthropathy. This study presents case series of Charcot arthropathy patients treated with two different retrograde intramedullary straight compression nails in order to reconstruct the hindfoot and assess the results over a mid-term follow-up. Patients and Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of 18 consecutive patients and 19 operated feet with Charcot arthropathy who underwent a hindfoot arthrodesis using a retrograde intramedullary compression nail. Patients were ten men and eight women with a mean age of 63.43 years (38.5 to 79.8). We report the rate of limb salvage, complications requiring additional surgery, and fusion rate in both groups. The mean duration of follow-up was 46.36 months (37 to 70). Results. The limb salvage rate was 16 of 19 limbs. Three patients had to undergo below-knee amputation due to persistent infection followed by osteomyelitis resistant to parenteral antibiotic therapy and repeated debridement. Complications including infection, hardware removal, nonunion, and persistent ulcers requiring further intervention were also observed. Postoperative functional scores revealed significant improvement compared with preoperative scores on American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) – Hindfoot scale, Foot Function Index (FFI), visual analogue scale (VAS), and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). Conclusion. The use of retrograde intramedullary compression nail results in good rates of limb salvage when used for hindfoot reconstruction in patients with Charcot arthropathy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:190–6


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 106-B, Issue 1 | Pages 46 - 52
1 Jan 2024
Hintermann B Peterhans U Susdorf R Horn Lang T Ruiz R Kvarda P

Aims

Implant failure has become more common as the number of primary total ankle arthroplasties (TAAs) performed has increased. Although revision arthroplasty has gained attention for functional preservation, the long-term results remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of revision TAA using a mobile-bearing prosthesis in a considerably large cohort; the risk factors for failure were also determined.

Methods

This single-centre retrospective cohort study included 116 patients (117 ankles) who underwent revision TAA for failed primary TAA between July 2000 and March 2010. Survival analysis and risk factor assessment were performed, and clinical performance and patient satisfaction were evaluated preoperatively and at last follow-up.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 106-B, Issue 9 | Pages 942 - 948
1 Sep 2024
Kingery MT Kadiyala ML Walls R Ganta A Konda SR Egol KA

Aims

This study evaluated the effect of treating clinician speciality on management of zone 2 fifth metatarsal fractures.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with acute zone 2 fifth metatarsal fractures who presented to a single large, urban, academic medical centre between December 2012 and April 2022. Zone 2 was the region of the fifth metatarsal base bordered by the fourth and fifth metatarsal articulation on the oblique radiograph. The proportion of patients allowed to bear weight as tolerated immediately after injury was compared between patients treated by orthopaedic surgeons and podiatrists. The effects of unrestricted weightbearing and foot and/or ankle immobilization on clinical healing were assessed. A total of 487 patients with zone 2 fractures were included (mean age 53.5 years (SD 16.9), mean BMI 27.2 kg/m2 (SD 6.0)) with a mean follow-up duration of 2.57 years (SD 2.64).


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 104-B, Issue 6 | Pages 703 - 708
1 Jun 2022
Najefi A Zaidi R Chan O Hester T Kavarthapu V

Aims

Surgical reconstruction of deformed Charcot feet carries a high risk of nonunion, metalwork failure, and deformity recurrence. The primary aim of this study was to identify the factors contributing to these complications following hindfoot Charcot reconstructions.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent hindfoot Charcot reconstruction with an intramedullary nail between January 2007 and December 2019 in our unit. Patient demographic details, comorbidities, weightbearing status, and postoperative complications were noted. Metalwork breakage, nonunion, deformity recurrence, concurrent midfoot reconstruction, and the measurements related to intramedullary nail were also recorded.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 96-B, Issue SUPP_17 | Pages 9 - 9
1 Nov 2014
Walker R Chang N Dartnell J Nash W Abbasian A Singh S Jones I
Full Access

Introduction:. In 2009 the Smart Toe implant was introduced as an option for lesser toe fusion in our department. The Smart Toe is an intramedullary device made from Nitinol, an alloy that can change shape with a change of temperature, expanding within the intramedullary canals of the proximal and middle phalanx to achieve fixation. The advantages of the Smart Toe are that patients are spared 6 weeks with K-wires protruding from their toes and there is no need for wire removal. We conducted a retrospective review of radiographic and clinical outcomes to assess the performance of this implant. Methods:. We present a consecutive series of 192 toe fusions using the Smart Toe implant in 86 patients, between January 2009 and November 2013. All radiographs and case notes were reviewed to assess for radiological fusion, satisfactory clinical outcome and complications. Results:. One patient was lost to all follow up. Radiographic follow up was available for 186 of 192 implants (95%). 137 toes (74%) were fused by 6 weeks, and 152 (81%) at final follow up. Clinical notes were available for 182 implants (94%) in 85 patients. At 6 weeks 50 patients reported satisfactory outcomes in 105 toe fusions (58%). At final follow up 70 patients reported satisfactory outcomes in 150 toe fusions (82%). 7 patients experienced complications in 19 toes (10%). 2 implants were broken and 2 implants had cut out. There were 3 phalanx fractures. In all 4 toes were revised, and there was 1 amputation. Clinically, out of the 34 non-united toes only 5 were symptomatic. Conclusion:. Overall 82% of toe fusions using the Smart Toe implant yielded entirely satisfactory clinical outcomes. Radiographic fusion occurred in 81% but most non-unions were asymptomatic. There were a small number of significant complications, and 4 patients out of 85 required revision surgery


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 91-B, Issue 11 | Pages 1472 - 1477
1 Nov 2009
Lee W Yoo JH Moon J

We carried out a retrospective study to assess the clinical results of lengthening the fourth metatarsal in brachymetatarsia in 153 feet of 106 patients (100 female, six males) using three different surgical techniques. In one group lengthening was performed by one-stage intercalary bone grafting secured by an intramedullary Kirschner-wire (45 feet, 35 patients). In the second group lengthening was obtained gradually using a mini-external fixator after performing an osteotomy with a saw (59 feet, 39 patients) and in the third group lengthening was achieved in a gradual manner using a mini-external fixator after undertaking an osteotomy using osteotome through pre-drilled holes (49 feet, 32 patients). The mean age of the patients was 26.3 years (13 to 48). Pre-operatively, the fourth ray of the bone-graft group was longer than that of other two groups (p < 0.000). The clinical outcome was compared in the three groups. The mean follow-up was 22 months (7 to 55). At final follow-up, the mean lengthening in the bone-graft group was 13.9 mm (3.5 to 23.0, 27.1%) which was less than that obtained in the saw group with a mean of 17.8 mm (7.0 to 33.0, 29.9%) and in the pre-drilled osteotome group with a mean of 16.8 mm (6.5 to 28.0, 29.4%, p = 0.001). However, the mean time required for retention of the fixation in the bone-graft group was the shortest of the three groups. Patients were dissatisfied with the result for five feet (11.1%) in the bone-graft group, eight (13.6%) in the saw group and none in the pre-drilled osteotomy group (p < 0.000). The saw group included eight feet with failure of bone formation after surgery. Additional operations were performed in 20 feet because of stiffness (n = 7, all groups), failure of bone formation (n = 4, saw group), skin maceration (n = 4, bone-graft group), malunion (n = 4, bone-graft and saw groups) and breakage of the external fixator (n = 1, saw group). We conclude that the gradual lengthening by distraction osteogenesis after osteotomy using an osteotome produces the most reliable results for the treatment of fourth brachymetatarsia


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 97-B, Issue SUPP_14 | Pages 29 - 29
1 Dec 2015
Trigkilidas D Drabu R Keightley A Halliwell P
Full Access

Introduction. Lesser toe proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis is a common forefoot procedure for correction of claw toe deformities. The most common method of fixation is with k-wires. Although this is a very cost-effective method of fixation, well-known disadvantages include pin site infection, non union, wire migration and the inconvenience to the patients of percutaneous wires for up to six weeks. For these reasons, intramedullary devices for joint fixation without crossing the distal IP joint have been developed. Many different designs are currently available. The Smart Toe prosthesis which has appeared as a type I and II, is one such implant. In two recent studies using type I, the use of this implant is advocated. We wish to present our experience with the use of the Smart Toe II. Methods. In this retrospective study we present a radiological review of 46 consecutive cases in 25 patients who underwent lesser toe interphalangeal arthrodeses using the Smart Toe II implant between July 2010 and November 2014 by the senior author. There were 7 (28%) male and 18 (72%) female patients. Post operative radiographs, taken at a mean follow up of 6 months, were reviewed for non-union, migration and implant failure. Results. There were 9 (20%) implant fractures, 10 (22%) radiological non- unions and 5 (11%) implant migrations. 4 toes (9%) were sufficiently symptomatic to require revision. Conclusion. In contrast to two previous studies, our series showed a high rate of implant fracture and non-union, sometimes leading to the need for revision surgery. We recommend caution in use of the Smart Toe II and welcome further reports of results. If our experience is replicated, we suggest the device's use is withheld pending appropriate studies to identify and address the reasons for implant failure, especially if more of the radiological failures come to require revision


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 102-B, Issue 3 | Pages 345 - 351
1 Mar 2020
Pitts C Alexander B Washington J Barranco H Patel R McGwin G Shah AB

Aims

Tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) fusion is used to treat a variety of conditions affecting the ankle and subtalar joint, including osteoarthritis (OA), Charcot arthropathy, avascular necrosis (AVN) of the talus, failed total ankle arthroplasty, and severe deformity. The prevalence of postoperative complications remains high due to the complexity of hindfoot disease seen in these patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between preoperative conditions and postoperative complications in order to predict the outcome following primary TTC fusion.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 101 patients who underwent TTC fusion at the same institution between 2011 and 2019. Risk ratios (RRs) associated with age, sex, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, smoking, preoperative ankle deformity, and the use of bone graft during surgery were related to the postoperative complications. We determined from these data which pre- and perioperative factors significantly affected the outcome.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 102-B, Issue 2 | Pages 220 - 226
1 Feb 2020
Clough TM Ring J

Aims

Arthroplasty for end-stage hallux rigidus (HR) is controversial. Arthrodesis remains the gold standard for surgical treatment, although is not without its complications, with rates of up to 10% for nonunion, 14% for reoperation and 10% for metatarsalgia. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcome of a double-stemmed silastic implant (Wright-Medical, Memphis, Tennessee, USA) for patients with end-stage HR.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of 108 consecutive implants in 76 patients, between January 2005 and December 2016, with a minimum follow-up of two years. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 61.6 years (42 to 84). There were 104 females and four males. Clinical, radiological, patient reported outcome measures (PROMS) data, a visual analogue score (VAS) for pain, and satisfaction scores were collected.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 100-B, Issue 10 | Pages 1359 - 1363
1 Oct 2018
Chiu Y Chung T Wu C Tsai K Jou I Tu Y Ma C

Aims

This study reports the outcomes of a technique of soft-tissue coverage and Chopart amputation for severe crush injuries of the forefoot.

Patients and Methods

Between January 2012 to December 2016, 12 patients (nine male; three female, mean age 38.58 years; 26 to 55) with severe foot crush injury underwent treatment in our institute. All patients were followed-up for at least one year. Their medical records, imaging, visual analogue scale score, walking ability, complications, and functional outcomes one year postoperatively based on the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores were reviewed.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 98-B, Issue 9 | Pages 1197 - 1201
1 Sep 2016
Ashman BD Kong C Wing KJ Penner MJ Bugler KE White TO Younger ASE

Aims

Patients with diabetes are at increased risk of wound complications after open reduction and internal fixation of unstable ankle fractures. A fibular nail avoids large surgical incisions and allows anatomical reduction of the mortise.

Patients and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the results of fluoroscopy-guided reduction and percutaneous fibular nail fixation for unstable Weber type B or C fractures in 24 adult patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The re-operation rate for wound dehiscence or other indications such as amputation, mortality and functional outcomes was determined.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 97-B, Issue 6 | Pages 809 - 813
1 Jun 2015
Butt DA Hester T Bilal A Edmonds M Kavarthapu V

Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy (CN) of the midfoot presents a major reconstructive challenge for the foot and ankle surgeon. The Synthes 6 mm Midfoot Fusion Bolt is both designed and recommended for patients who have a deformity of the medial column of the foot due to CN. We present the results from the first nine patients (ten feet) on which we attempted to perform fusion of the medial column using this bolt. Six feet had concurrent hindfoot fusion using a retrograde nail. Satisfactory correction of deformity of the medial column was achieved in all patients. The mean correction of calcaneal pitch was from 6° (-15° to +18°) pre-operatively to 16° (7° to 23°) post-operatively; the mean Meary angle from 26° (3° to 46°) to 1° (1° to 2°); and the mean talometatarsal angle on dorsoplantar radiographs from 27° (1° to 48°) to 1° (1° to 3°).

However, in all but two feet, at least one joint failed to fuse. The bolt migrated in six feet, all of which showed progressive radiographic osteolysis, which was considered to indicate loosening. Four of these feet have undergone a revision procedure, with good radiological evidence of fusion. The medial column bolt provided satisfactory correction of the deformity but failed to provide adequate fixation for fusion in CN deformities in the foot.

In its present form, we cannot recommend the routine use of this bolt.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:809–13


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 95-B, Issue 7 | Pages 929 - 934
1 Jul 2013
Sahin O Kuru I Akgun RC Sahin BS Canbeyli ID Tuncay IC

We analysed the clinical and radiological outcomes of a new surgical technique for the treatment of heterozygote post-axial metatarsal-type foot synpolydactyly with HOX-D13 genetic mutations with a mean follow-up of 30.9 months (24 to 42). A total of 57 feet in 36 patients (mean age 6.8 years (2 to 16)) were treated with this new technique, which transfers the distal part of the duplicated fourth metatarsal to the proximal part of the fifth metatarsal. Clinical and radiological assessments were undertaken pre- and post-operatively and any complications were recorded. Final outcomes were evaluated according to the methods described by Phelps and Grogan. Forefoot width was reduced and the lengths of the all reconstructed toes were maintained after surgery. Union was achieved for all the metatarsal osteotomies without any angular deformities. Outcomes at the final assessment were excellent in 51 feet (89%) and good in six (11%). This newly described surgical technique provides for painless, comfortable shoe-wearing after a single, easy-to-perform operation with good clinical, radiological and functional outcomes.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:929–34.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 95-B, Issue 3 | Pages 371 - 377
1 Mar 2013
Kugan R Aslam N Bose D McNally MA

Achieving arthrodesis of the ankle can be difficult in the presence of infection, deformity, poor soft tissues and bone loss. We present a series of 48 patients with complex ankle pathology, treated with the Ilizarov technique. Infection was present in 30 patients and 30 had significant deformity before surgery. Outcome was assessed clinically and with patient-reported outcome measures (Modified American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (MAOFAS) scale and the Short-Form (SF-36)).

Arthrodesis was achieved in 40 patients with the Ilizarov technique alone and in six further patients with additional surgery. Infection was eradicated in all patients at a mean follow-up of 46.6 months (13 to 162). Successful arthrodesis was less likely in those with comorbidities and in tibiocalcaneal fusion compared with tibiotalar fusion.

These patients had poor general health scores compared with the normal population before surgery. The mean MAOFAS score improved significantly from 24.3 (0 to 90) pre-operatively to 56.2 (30 to 90) post-operatively, but there was only a modest improvement in general health; the mean SF-36 improved from 44.8 (19 to 66) to 50.1 (21 to 76). There was a major benefit in terms of pain relief.

Arthrodesis using the Ilizarov technique is an effective treatment for complex ankle pathology, with good clinical outcomes and eradication of infection. However, even after successful arthrodesis general health scores remain limited.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:371–7.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 90-B, Issue 7 | Pages 885 - 888
1 Jul 2008
Thomason K Eyres KS

Salvage of a failed total ankle replacement is technically challenging and although a revision procedure may be desirable, a large amount of bone loss or infection may preclude this. Arthrodesis can be difficult to achieve and is usually associated with considerable shortening of the limb.

We describe a technique for restoring talar height using an allograft from the femoral head compressed by an intramedullary nail. Three patients with aseptic loosening were treated successfully by this method with excellent symptomatic relief at a mean follow-up of 32 months (13 to 50).