To propose a modified approach to measuring femoro-epiphyseal acetabular roof (FEAR) index while still abiding by its definition and biomechanical basis, and to compare the reliabilities of the two methods. To propose a classification for medial sourcil edges. We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of patients treated with periacetabular osteotomy and/or hip arthroscopy. A modified FEAR index was defined. Lateral center-edge angle, Sharp's angle, Tonnis angle on all hips, as well as FEAR index with original and modified approaches were measured. Intra- and inter-observer reliability were calculated as intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for FEAR index with both approaches and other alignments. A classification was proposed to categorize medial sourcil edges. ICC for the two approaches across different sourcil groups were also calculated. After reviewing 411 patients, 49 were finally included. Thirty-two patients (40 hips) were identified as having borderline dysplasia defined by an LCEA of 18 to 25 degrees. Intra-observer ICC for the modified method were good to excellent for borderline hips; poor to excellent for DDH; moderate to excellent for normal hips. As for inter-observer reliability, modified approach outperformed original approach with moderate to good inter-observer reliability (DDH group, ICC=0.636; borderline dysplasia group, ICC=0.813; normal hip group, ICC=0.704). The medial sourcils were classified to 3 groups upon its morphology. Type II(39.0%) and III(43.9%) sourcils were the dominant patterns. The sourcil classification had substantial intra-observer agreement (observer 4, kappa=0.68; observer 1, kappa=0.799) and moderate inter-observer agreement (kappa=0.465). Modified approach to FEAR index possessed greater inter-observer reliability in all medial sourcil patterns. The modified FEAR index has better intra- and inter-observer reliability compared with the original approach. Type II and III sourcils accounts for the majority to which only the modified approach is applicable

Introduction. The prevalence of adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMD) associated with metal on metal (MoM) hip arthroplasty has been reported to be as high as 69%. Such findings promoted the development of metal-artefact reducing sequence (MARS)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) classifications, with the aim of stratifying soft lesions by severity of disease. The Modified Oxford Classification is a straightforward system that has been shown to correlate with disease progression. Methods. The aim of this study was to test the reliability of this classification between observers. Seven observers were recruited, all with a musculoskeletal background. Using the PACS image analysis system, 20 MARS-MRI scans were provided for interpretation. Observers reviewed these scans in random order at two separate intervals over the course of five weeks. They classified them according to the Modified Oxford Classification as: ‘normal’, ‘trochanteric fluid, ‘effusion’, ‘ARMD type 1’, ‘ARMD type 2’ and ‘ARMD type 3’. Results. Statistical tests using kappa co-efficients were performed to get intra and inter observer reliabilities. Our results were compared against the grading system proposed by Landis and Koch. Our inter-rater agreement was 0.61. This is considered substantial agreement. Our intra observer scores ranged for 0.57 to 1.00 indicating consistency between the observers as individuals and as a group. Conclusion. The modified oxford classification is simple and easy to remember and has substantial reliability. It is proving to be effective in communicating, classifying and providing an understanding of disease progression

Aims

Registry studies on modified acetabular polyethylene (PE) liner designs are limited. We investigated the influence of standard and modified PE acetabular liner designs on the revision rate for mechanical complications in primary cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Lag screw cut-out is a serious complication of dynamic hip screw fixation in trochanteric hip fractures. Lag screw position is recognised as a crucial factor influencing the occurrence of lag screw cut-out. We propose a modification of the Tip Apex Distance (TAD) and hypothesize that it could enhance the reliability of predicting lag screw cut-out in these injuries.

A retrospective study of hip fracture cases was conducted from January 2018 to July 2022. A total of 109 patients were eligible for the final analysis. The modified TAD was measured in millimetres, based on the sum of the traditional TAD in the lateral view and the net value of two distances in the anteroposterior (AP) view. The first distance is from the lag screw tip to the opposite point on the femoral head along the lag screw axis, while the second distance is from that point to the femoral head apex. The first distance is a positive value, whereas the second distance is positive if the lag screw is superior and negative if it is inferior. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the reliability of various parameters for evaluating the lag screw position within the femoral head.

Factors such as reduction quality, fracture pattern according to the AO/OTA classification, TAD, Calcar-Referenced TAD, Axis Blade Angle, Parker’s ratio in the AP view, Cleveland Zone 1, and modified TAD were statistically associated with lag screw cut-out. Among the tested parameters, the novel parameter exhibited 90.1% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity for predicting lag screw cut-out at a cut-off value of 25 mm, with a p-value < 0.001.

The modified TAD demonstrated the highest reliability in predicting lag screw cut-out. A value of 25 mm may potentially reduce the risk of lag screw cut-out in trochanteric hip fractures.

Introduction

In early stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), core decompression (CD) is often performed; however, approximately 30% of CD cases progress to femoral head collapse. Bone healing can be augmented by preconditioning MSCs (pMSCs) with inflammatory cytokines. Another immunomodulatory approach is the timely resolution of inflammation using cytokines such as IL-4. We investigated the efficacy of pMSC and genetically modified MSCs that over-express IL-4 (IL4-MSCs) on steroid-associated ONFH in rabbits.

Introduction

There is growing evidence that patients with lumbar spine fusion are at greater risk for postoperative dislocation following total hip arthroplasty. The purpose of this study is to review one author's experience with the modified direct lateral approach in patients with prior or subsequent lumbar spine fusion and total hip arthroplasty.

We investigated the preliminary results of femoral head necrosis treated by modified femoral neck osteotomy through surgical hip dislocation in young adults.

33 patients with femoral head osteonecrosis received modified femoral neck osteotomy through surgical hip dislocation from March 2015. 14 patients who had minimal 12 months of follow-up were reviewed radiographically and clinically (mean follow-up:16 months, 12–36 months). The mean age of the patients 32 years at the time of surgery (ranged from 16 to 42years). There were 6 women and 8 men. The cause of the osteonecrosis was steroid administration in 6, alcohol abuse in 4, trauma in 3, and no apparent risk factor in 1. According to the Ficat staging system, 1 hips was stage II, 9 hips III, and 4 hips stage IV. The posterior or anterior rotational angle was 90–180° with a mean of 143°. Clinical evaluation was performed in terms of pain, walk and range of motion on the basis of Merle d'Aubigné hip scores: 17–18 points are excellent, 15–16 are good, 13–14 are fair, 12 or less are poor.

Recollapse of the final follow-up anteroposterior radiograph was prevented in 13 hips. One patient got 1 mm recollapse 18 months after surgery. No patient got progressive joint space narrowing. The Merle d'Aubigné score was excellent in 7 hips, good in 5, fair in 2.

The preliminary results suggest that modified femoral neck osteotomy through surgical hip dislocation is in favor of young patients. But longer term follow-up is necessary.

The purpose of this study was to determine the complications after Bernese periacetabular osteomy (PAO) performed by one experienced surgeon using a minimally invasive modified Smith-Petersen approach.

Between May 2012 and December 2015, 224 periacetabular osteotomies (PAO) in 201 patients were performed. The perioperative complications were retrospectively reviewed after reviewing clinical notes and radiographs. The mean age was 28.8 years with 179 females and 22 males. The most common diagnosis was acetabular dysplasia with some cases of retroversion. The average lateral centre edge (LCE) angle was 16.5°(−18–45) and mean acetabular index (AI) 16.79° (−3–50).

Postoperatively the mean LCE angle was 33.1°(20–51.3) and mean AI 3.0°

(−13.5–16.6). There were no deep infections, no major nerve or vascular injuries and only one allogenic blood transfusion.

Nine superficial wound infections required oral antibiotics and two wounds needed a surgical debridement. There was one pulmonary embolus and one deep vein thrombosis. Nine (4%) cases underwent a subsequent hip arthroscopy and three (1.3%) PAO's were converted to a total hip arthroplasty after a mean follow-up of 22 months (3–50).

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve dysaesthesia was noted in 64 (28.6%) PAO's. In 55 (24.5%) an iliopsoas injection of local anaesthetic and steroid for persistent iliopsoas irritation during the recovery phase was given.

The minimally invasive modified Smith-Petersen approach is suitable to perform a Bernese periacetabular osteotomy with a low perioperative complication rate. Persistent pain related to iliopsoas is a not uncommon finding and perhaps under-reported in the literature.

Introduction

Periacetabular osteotomy has been described as an effective way of treating symptomatic hip dysplasia. We describe a new minimally invasive technique using a modification of the Smith Peterson approach.

We report the outcome of 39 patients who underwent a modified Pauwels’ intertrochanteric osteotomy for nonunion of a femoral neck fracture following failed osteosynthesis. There were 31 men and eight women with a mean age of 47.2 years (34 to 59). By Pauwels’ classification, there were 11 Type II fractures and 28 Type III fractures. The mean follow-up was 7.9 years (2 to 19). In the 11 patients whose initial treatment had been osteotomy, union was achieved in nine (81.8%). In 28 patients whose initial treatment had been with a lag screw or a dynamic hip screw, union was achieved in 27 (96.4%). Limb lengths were equalised in 14 of 16 patients (87.5%) with pre-operative shortening. The mean neck-shaft angle improved significantly from 100.5° (80° to 120°) to 131.6° (120° to 155°) (p = 0.004). The mean modified Harris hip score was 85.6 points (70 to 97) and the mean modified Merle d’Aubigné score was 14.3 (11 to 18). Good to excellent functional outcomes were achieved in 32 patients (88.8%). A modified Pauwels’ intertrochanteric osteotomy is a reliable method of treating ununited fractures of the femoral neck following failed osteosynthesis: coxa vara and shortening can also simultaneously be addressed.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1198–1201.

The modified Dunn procedure has the potential to restore the anatomy in hips with slipped capital femoral epiphyses (SCFE) while protecting the blood supply to the femoral head. However, there is controversy about the risks associated with the procedure especially in the most severe capital slips.

Therefore, we report on (1) clinical outcome, (2) the cumulative survivorship with endpoints AVN and/or OA progression and (3) radiographic anatomy of the proximal femur at followup in patients treated with a modified Dunn procedure for severe SCFE.

We performed a retrospective analysis involving 46 hips of 46 patients treated with a modified Dunn procedure for severe SCFE (slip angle >60°) between 1999 and 2016.

Followup averaged 8 years, (range 1–17) with 2 patients lost to followup after one year.

The mean age was 13 years (range 9–19 years). Mean preoperative slip angle was 64° (range 60–90) and 14 out of 46 hips (30%) presented with unstable slips.

Clinical scores and PROMs were evaluated and the hips were followed standard x-rays. Cumulative survivorship (Kaplan-Meier) with three defined endpoints: (1) AVN; (2) progression by at least one OA grade according to Tönnis; (3) non-preserved hip joint.

(1)Mean Harris Hip score (HHS) was 93 points (66–100) and mean Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) was 90 points (67–100) at last followup.

(2)Cumulative survivorship was 93% at 10-year followup. Three hips reached an endpoint. Two hips (4%) had AVN, one of them underwent hip arthrodesis. One hip had OA progression.

(3)Postoperative slip angle was 7° (1–16). Alpha angle on axial radiograph was 39° (26–71) at followup. 41/44 hips (93%) had no OA (Tönnis 0).

The modified Dunn procedure largely corrected slip deformities with low apparent risk of progression to avascular necrosis or osteoarthritis at mean 8-years followup. The AVN rate in severe and unstable (30%) capital slip was 4% (2 hips) with this procedure.

We performed a modified, rotational acetabular osteotomy through a lateral transtrochanteric approach on 19 hips in 18 patients with a dysplastic joint. Six hips in six patients were operated on using the original approach. The mean age at operation was 28 years (14 to 54) and the mean period of follow-up 2.3 years (1 to 4.4).

Clinical evaluation using the Merle d’Aubigné score showed excellent or good results in 76%. Radiologically, 15 hips showed good acetabular remodelling and no signs of progressive osteoarthritis. In ten hips (40%) there was chondrolysis and collapse of the transferred acetabulum or both within one year, although this gave only mild pain in some patients. Factors which were significantly associated with the grade of outcome included age at the time of operation, the thickness of the transferred acetabulum, failure to use a bone graft, and a transtrochanteric approach.

Introduction

Cross linked polyethylene (XLPE) has gained popularity as a bearing surface of choice for younger patients despite only medium term results being available for wear rates. Concern remains regarding the long-term stability and durability of these materials. In order to address these issues we present the longest radiological and clinical follow-up of XLPE.

Aims. Adult patients with history of childhood infection pose a surgical challenge for total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to distorted bony anatomy, soft-tissue contractures, risk of reinfection, and relatively younger age. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine clinical outcome, reinfection rate, and complications in patients with septic sequelae after THA. Methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted of 91 cementless THAs (57 male and 34 female) performed between 2008 and 2017 in patients who had history of hip infection during childhood. Clinical outcome was measured using Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Modified Merle d’Aubigne and Postel (MAP) score, and quality of life (QOL) using 12-Item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-12) components: Physical Component Score (PCS) and Mental Component Score (MCS); limb length discrepancy (LLD) and radiological assessment of the prosthesis was performed at the latest follow-up. Reinfection and revision surgery after THA for any reason was documented. Results. There was significant improvement in HHS, Modified Merle d’Aubigne Postel hip score, and QOL index SF 12-PCS and MCS (p < 0.001) and there was no case of reinfection reported during the follow-up. The minimum follow-up for the study was three years with a mean of 6.5 (SD 2.3; 3 to 12). LLD decreased from a mean of 3.3 cm (SD 1) to 0.9 cm (SD 0.8) during follow-up. One patient required revision surgery for femoral component loosening. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated revision-free survivorship of 100% at the end of five years and 96.9% (95% confidence interval 79.8 to 99.6) at the end of ten years. Conclusion. We found that cementless THA results in good to excellent functional outcomes in patients with a prior history of childhood infection. There is an exceedingly low rate of risk of reinfection in these patients, even though complications are not uncommon. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(4):314–320

Aims. Although there are various pelvic osteotomies for acetabular dysplasia of the hip, shelf operations offer effective and minimally invasive osteotomy. Our study aimed to assess outcomes following modified Spitzy shelf acetabuloplasty. Methods. Between November 2000 and December 2016, we retrospectively evaluated 144 consecutive hip procedures in 122 patients a minimum of five years after undergoing modified Spitzy shelf acetabuloplasty for acetabular dysplasia including osteoarthritis (OA). Our follow-up rate was 92%. The mean age at time of surgery was 37 years (13 to 58), with a mean follow-up of 11 years (5 to 21). Advanced OA (Tönnis grade ≥ 2) was present preoperatively in 16 hips (11%). The preoperative lateral centre-edge angle ranged from -28° to 25°. Survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis, using conversions to total hip arthroplasty as the endpoint. Risk factors for joint space narrowing less than 2 mm were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results. The mean Merle d'Aubigné clinical score improved from 11.6 points (6 to 17) preoperatively to 15.9 points (12 to 18) at the last follow-up. The survival rates were 95% (95% confidence interval (CI) 91 to 99) and 86% (95% CI 50 to 97) at ten and 15 years. Multivariate Cox regression identified three factors associated with radiological OA progression: age (hazard ratio (HR) 2.85, 95% CI 1.05 to 7.76; p = 0.0398), preoperative joint space (HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.35 to 4.29; p = 0.0029), and preoperative OA (HR 8.34, 95% CI 0.94 to 73.77; p = 0.0466). Conclusion. Modified Spitzy shelf acetabuloplasty is an effective joint-preserving surgery with a wide range of potential indications. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(12):932–941

We previously reported the five to ten-year results of the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR) implant. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survivorship, radiographic results, and clinical outcomes of the BHR at long-term follow-up. We retrospectively reviewed 250 patients from the original cohort of 324 BHRs performed from 2006 to 2013 who met contemporary BHR indications. Of these, 4 patients died and 4 withdrew. From the 242 patients, 224 patients (93%) were available for analysis. Modified Harris hip score (mHHS) and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) scores were collected and compared to a matched total hip arthroplasty (THA) cohort. Mean follow-up was 14 years. Survivorship free of aseptic revision was 97.4% and survivorship free of any revision was 96.0% at 15 years. Revisions included 3 periprosthetic joint infections, 2 for elevated metal ions and symptomatic pseudotumor, 2 for aseptic femoral loosening, and 1 for unexplained pain. The mean mHHS was 93 in BHR patients at final follow-up, similar to the THA cohort (p=0.44). The UCLA score was significantly higher for BHR patients (p=0.02), however there were equal proportions of patients who remained highly active (UCLA 9 or 10) in both groups, 60.5% and 52.2% (p=0.45) for BHR and THA respectively. Metal ion levels at long term follow-up were low (mean serum cobalt 1.8±1.5 ppb and mean serum chromium 2.2±2.0 ppb). BHR demonstrated excellent survivorship in males less than 60 years of age at time of surgery. Clinical outcomes and activity levels were similar to THA patients. Failures related to the metal-on-metal bearing were rare and metal levels were low at long-term follow-up. Level of evidence: III. Keywords: survivorship; hip arthroplasty; activity; metal-on-metal. Surface Replacement Arthroplasty demonstrates low revision rates and similar activity level compared to total hip arthroplasty at long-term follow-up

Dual-mobility (DM) bearings are effective to mitigate dislocation in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, data on its use for treating dislocation is scarce. Aim of this study was to compare DM bearings, standard bearings and constrained liner (CL) in revision THA for recurrent dislocation and to identify risk factors for re-dislocation. We reviewed 100 consecutive revision THAs performed for dislocation from 2012 and 2019. 45 hips (45%) received a DM construct, while 44 hips (44%) and 11 hips (11%) had a standard bearing and CL, respectively. Rates of re-dislocation, re-revision for dislocation and overall re-revision were compared. Radiographs were assessed for cup positioning, restoration of centre of rotation, leg length and offset. Risk factors for re-dislocation were determined by cox regression analysis. Modified Harris hip scores (mHHS) were calculated. Mean follow-up was 53 months (1 to 103). DM constructs were used more frequently in elderly patients (p=0.011) and hips with abductor deficiency (p< 0.001). The re-dislocation rate was 11.1% for DM bearings compared with 15.9% for standard bearings and 18.2% for CL (p=0.732). Revision-free survival for DM constructs was 83% (95% CI 0.77 – 0.90) compared to 75% (95% CI 0.68 – 0.82) for standard articulations and 71% (95% CI 0.56 – 0.85) for CL (p=0.455). Younger age (HR 0.91; p=0.020), lower comorbidity (HR 0.42; p=0.031), smaller heads (HR 0.80; p=0.041) and cup retention (HR 8.23; p=0.022) were associated with re-dislocation. Radiological analysis did not reveal a relationship between restoration of hip geometry and re-dislocation. mHHS significantly improved from 43.8 points to 65.7 points (p<0.001) with no differences among bearing types. Our findings suggest that DM bearings do not sufficiently prevent dislocation in revision THA for recurrent dislocation. Reconstruction of the abductor complex may play a key role to reduce the burden in these high-risk patients

Aims. The direct anterior approach (DAA) for total hip arthroplasty (THA) has potential advantages over other approaches and is most commonly performed with the patient in the supine position. We describe a technique for DAA THA with the patient in the lateral decubitus position and report the early clinical and radiological outcomes, the characteristics of the learning curve, and perioperative complications. Methods. All primary DAA THAs performed in the lateral position by a single surgeon over a four-year period from the surgeon’s first case using the technique were identified from a prospectively collected database. Modified Harris Hip Scores (mHHS) were collected to assess clinical outcome, and routine radiological analysis was performed. Retrospective review of the medical records identified perioperative complications, the characteristics of the learning curve, and revisions. Results. A total of 257 patients were included in the study. Their mean age was 60 years (SD 9.0). A total of 164 (64%) were female. The mean mHHS improved significantly from 52.1 (SD 16.2) preoperatively to 94.4 (SD 11) at a follow-up of one year (p < 0.001), with 212 of 225 patients (94%) achieving a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) (> 8 points). Radiological evaluation showed a mean leg length discrepancy of 2.6 mm (SD 5.9) and a mean difference in femoral offset of 0.2 mm (SD 4.9). A total of 234/243 acetabular components (96.3%) were positioned within Lewinnek’s safe zone. Analysis of operating time, blood loss, the position of the components, and complications did not identify a learning curve. A total of 14 patients (5.4%) had a major perioperative complication and three (1.2%) required revision THA. There were no major neurovascular complications and no dislocations. Conclusion. We have described and analyzed a surgical technique for undertaking DAA THA in the familiar lateral decubitus position using a routine operating table, positioning devices, and instrumentation, and shown that it can be performed safely and effectively under these circumstances. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7 Supple B):53–58

Introduction. The direct anterior approach (DAA) for total hip arthroplasty (THA) has gained popularity in recent years. Potential advantages over other surgical approaches include less postoperative pain, fewer postoperative precautions, and quicker early recovery. It is most commonly performed in the supine position with traction tables or table mounted bone hooks to facilitate exposure. In this study, we describe a reproducible surgical technique for DAA THA in the lateral decubitus position with use of standard THA equipment and report on our results and learning curve. Methods. A prospectively collected hip repository was queried for all primary THA DAA performed in the lateral position by a single surgeon over a 4-year period from the surgeon's first case utilizing the technique. Retrospective chart review was performed to identify complications and revisions. Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) was collected pre-operatively and again at 1-year post-operative. Radiographic parameters including were measured on the 1-year postoperative radiographs. Results. Three hundred forty-one hips were identified in patients over 18 years of age with 337 hips meeting our inclusion/exclusion criteria. A total of 257 hips (76%) had a minimum of 1-year follow-up. 212 of 225 hips (94%) with available mHHS data achieved MCID, defined as mHHS change of > 8. Mean surgical time was 88 ± 16 minutes. Radiographic evaluation demonstrated reproducible results with mean radiographic side to side leg length discrepancy of 2.6 ± 5.9mm and femoral offset difference of 0.2 ± 4.9mm. Among patients with adequate postoperative radiographs, 234 of 243 (96%) had acetabular component positions within Lewinnick's safe zone. 3 hips (0.9%) required revision THA within the first year postoperatively. There were no dislocations and there was no learning curve detected in terms of operative time, blood loss, complication rate or acetabular component position. Discussion. Critics of DAA THA cite its long learning curve with increased risk of complications as an argument against its widespread use. In this study, we have described a safe and efficient technique for performing THA via the DAA in the familiar lateral decubitus with the use of a standard operating table, positioning devices and THA instrumentation. Our results demonstrate excellent acetabular component placement and low rates of complications within the first postoperative year. Conclusion. DAA THA can be performed safely and efficiently in the lateral decubitus position without a specialized table or instrumentation. Surgeon familiarity with patient position and instruments using the technique presented here may be associated with a shorter procedural learning curve

Aims

The aims of the study were to report for a cohort aged younger than 40 years: 1) indications for HRA; 2) patient-reported outcomes in terms of the modified Harris Hip Score (HHS); 3) dislocation rate; and 4) revision rate.