Aims. Understanding of open fracture management is skewed due to reliance on small-number lower limb, specialist unit reports and large, unfocused registry data collections. To address this, we carried out the Open Fracture Patient Evaluation Nationwide (OPEN) study, and report the demographic details and the initial steps of care for patients admitted with open fractures in the UK. Methods. Any patient admitted to hospital with an open fracture between 1 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 was included, excluding phalanges and isolated hand injuries. Institutional information governance approval was obtained at the lead site and all data entered using Research Electronic Data Capture. Demographic details, injury, fracture classification, and patient dispersal were detailed. Results. In total, 1,175 patients (median age 47 years (interquartile range (IQR) 29 to 65), 61.0% male (n = 717)) were admitted across 51 sites. A total of 546 patients (47.1%) were employed, 5.4% (n = 63) were diabetic, and 28.8% (n = 335) were smokers. In total, 29.0% of patients (n = 341) had more than one injury and 4.8% (n = 56) had two or more open fractures, while 51.3% of fractures (n = 637) occurred in the lower leg. Fractures sustained in vehicle incidents and collisions are common (38.8%; n = 455) and typically seen in younger patients. A simple fall (35.0%; n = 410) is common in older people. Overall, 69.8% (n = 786) of patients were admitted directly to an orthoplastic centre, 23.0% (n = 259) were transferred to an orthoplastic centre after initial management elsewhere, and 7.2% were managed outwith specialist units (n = 81). Conclusion. This study describes the epidemiology of open fractures in the UK. For a decade, orthopaedic surgeons have been practicing in a guideline-driven, network system without understanding the patient features, injury characteristics, or dispersal processes of the wider population. This work will inform care pathways as the UK looks to the future of trauma networks and guidelines, and how to optimize care for patients with open fractures. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(10):746–752

Aims. The Open-Fracture Patient Evaluation Nationwide (OPEN) study was performed to provide clarity in open fracture management previously skewed by small, specialist centre studies and large, unfocused registry investigations. We report the current management metrics of open fractures across the UK. Method. Patients admitted to hospital with an open fracture (excluding phalanges or isolated hand injuries) between 1 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 were included. Institutional information governance approval was obtained at the lead site and all data entered using Research Electronic Data Capture software. All domains of the British Orthopaedic Association Standard for Open Fracture Management were recorded. Results. Across 51 centres, 1,175 patients were analyzed. Antibiotics were given to 754 (69.0%) in the emergency department, 240 (22.0%) pre-hospital, and 99 (9.1%) as inpatients. Wounds were photographed in 848 (72.7%) cases. Median time to first surgery was 16 hrs 14 mins (interquartile range (IQR) 8 hrs 29 mins to 23 hrs 19 mins). Complex injuries were operated on sooner (median 12 hrs 51 mins (IQR 4 hrs 36 mins to 21 hrs 14 mins)). Of initial procedures, 1,053 (90.3%) occurred between 8am and 8pm. A consultant orthopaedic surgeon was present at 1,039 (89.2%) first procedures. In orthoplastic centres, a consultant plastic surgeon was present at 465 (45.1%) first procedures. Overall, 706 (60.8%) patients required a single operation. At primary debridement, 798 (65.0%) fractures were definitively fixed, while 734 (59.8%) fractures had fixation and coverage in one operation through direct closure or soft-tissue coverage. Negative pressure wound therapy was used in 235 (67.7%) staged procedures. Following wound closure or soft-tissue cover, 509 (47.0%) patients received antibiotics for a median of three days (IQR 1 to 7). Conclusion. OPEN provides an insight into care across the UK and different levels of hospital for open fractures. Patients are predominantly operated on promptly, in working hours, and at specialist centres. Areas for improvement include combined patient review and follow-up, scheduled operating, earlier definitive soft-tissue cover, and more robust antibiotic husbandry. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(9):1073–1080

The interest in day-case hip arthroplasty is increasing; however, there are conflicting results regarding readmission risk, and little is known about patients’ attitude towards day-case surgery. We aimed to investigate differences in 30-day readmission rates between day-case patients and single-overnight-stay patients following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and explore patients’ attitude towards day-case surgery. From the Danish National Patient Register we identified 29,486 THAs (1353 day-case THAs and 28,133 single-overnight-stay THAs) performed between 2010 and 2020. Day-case surgery was defined as discharge on the day-of-surgery. Overnight admissions within 30 days of surgery were considered readmissions. Differences in readmission rates between day-case and single-overnight-stay patients were investigated using logistic regression adjusted for patient characteristics and year of surgery. In a single-center descriptive study, 2395 hip arthroplasty patients from 2016 to start-2023 answered a questionnaire on patient characteristics, attitude towards day-case surgery and patient-reported outcome measures (PROM). The overall 30-day readmission rate was 4.4% (CI: 4.2–4.6%) with no difference between day-case (4.4%) and single-overnight-stay THAs (4.4%) (odds-ratio: 1.2 [CI: 0.91–1.6]). In the descriptive study answers to the question whether patients were interested in being discharged on the day of surgery, were: “Yes” = 41%, “Do not know” = 20%, “No” = 39%. Patients responding “No” had lower preoperative PROM-scores, were older (“No” = 70.2 y vs. “Yes” = 65.3 y), and more often female (“No” = 72% vs. “Yes” = 52% female). Based on nationwide data from 2010–2020, day-case THA patients were not more likely to be readmitted compared to single-overnight-stay patients. However, most patients were not positive towards day-case surgery. While surgeons may consider day-case surgery to be safe, patients are not intuitively positive, indicating an attitude mismatch. To achieve high success rate and patient satisfaction in day-case surgery, shared-decision making initiatives within day-case surgery are needed

COVID-19 confers a three-fold increased mortality risk among hip fracture patients. The aims were to investigate whether vaccination was associated with: i) lower mortality risk, and ii) lower likelihood of contracting COVID-19 within 30 days of fracture. This nationwide cohort study included all patients aged >50 years with a hip fracture between 01/03/20-31/12/21. Data from the Scottish Hip Fracture Audit were collected and included: demographics, injury and management variables, discharge destination, and 30-day mortality status. These variables were linked to population-level records of COVID-19 vaccination and testing. There were 13,345 patients with a median age of 82.0 years (IQR 74.0–88.0), and 9329/13345 (69.9%) were female. Of 3022/13345 (22.6%) patients diagnosed with COVID-19, 606/13345 (4.5%) were COVID-positive within 30 days of fracture. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that vaccinated patients were less likely to be COVID-positive (odds ratio (OR) 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34–0.48, p<0.001) than unvaccinated patients. 30-day mortality rate was higher for COVID-positive than COVID-negative patients (15.8% vs 7.9%, p < 0.001). Controlling for confounders (age, sex, comorbidity, deprivation, pre-fracture residence), unvaccinated patients with COVID-19 had a greater mortality risk than COVID-negative patients (OR 2.77, CI 2.12–3.62, p < 0.001), but vaccinated COVID19-positive patients were not at increased risk (OR 0.93, CI 0.53–1.60, p = 0.783). Vaccination was associated with lower COVID-19 infection risk. Vaccinated COVID-positive patients had a similar mortality risk to COVID-negative patients, suggesting a reduced severity of infection. This study demonstrates the efficacy of vaccination in this vulnerable patient group, and presents essential data for future outbreaks

Aims. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is one of the most common hip diseases of adolescence that can cause marked disability, yet there is little robust evidence to guide treatment. Fundamental aspects of the disease, such as frequency, are unknown and consequently the desire of clinicians to undertake robust intervention studies is somewhat prohibited by a lack of fundamental knowledge. Methods. The study is an anonymized nationwide comprehensive cohort study with nested consented within the mechanism of the British Orthopaedic Surgery Surveillance (BOSS) Study. All relevant hospitals treating SCFE in England, Scotland, and Wales will contribute anonymized case details. Potential missing cases will be cross-checked against two independent external sources of data (the national administrative data and independent trainee data). Patients will be invited to enrich the data collected by supplementing anonymized case data with patient-reported outcome measures. In line with recommendations of the IDEAL Collaboration, the study will primarily seek to determine incidence, describe case mix and variations in surgical interventions, and explore the relationships between baseline factors (patients and types of interventions) and two-year outcomes. Discussion. This is the first disease to be investigated using the BOSS Study infrastructure. It provides a robust method to determine the disease frequency, and a large unbiased sample of cases from which treatment strategies can be investigated. It may form the basis for definitive robust intervention studies or, where these are demonstrated not to be feasible, this may be the most robust cohort study

Periprosthetic femur fracture (PPF) are heterogeneous, complex, and thought to be increasingly prevalent. The aims were to evaluate PPF prevalence, casemix, management, and outcomes. This nationwide study included all PPF patients aged >50 years from 16 Scottish hospitals in 2019. Variables included: demographics; implant and fracture factors; management factors, and outcomes. There were 332 patients, mean age 79.5 years, and 220/332 (66.3%) were female. One-third (37.3%) were ASA1-2 and two-thirds (62.3%) were ASA3+, 91.0% were from home/sheltered housing, and median Clinical Frailty Score was 4.0 (IQR 3.0). Acute medical issues featured in 87/332 (26.2%) and 19/332 (5.7%) had associated injuries. There were 251/332 (75.6%) associated with a proximal femoral implant, of which 232/251 (92.4%) were arthroplasty devices (194/251 [77.3%] total hip, 35/251 [13.9%] hemiarthroplasty, 3/251 [1.2%] resurfacing). There were 81/332 (24.4%) associated with a distal femoral implant (76/81 [93.8%] were total knee arthroplasties). In 38/332 (11.4%) there were implants proximally and distally. Most patients (268/332; 80.7%) were treated surgically, with 174/268 (64.9%) requiring fixation only and 104/268 (38.8%) requiring an arthroplasty or combined solution. Median time to theatre was longer for arthroplasty versus fixation procedures (120 vs 46 hours), and those requiring inter-hospital transfer waited longer (94 vs 48 hours). Barriers to investigating PPF include varied classification, coding challenges, and limitations of existing registries. This is the first study to examine a national PPF cohort and presents important data to guide service design and research. Additional findings relating to fracture patterns, implant types, surgeon skill-mix, and outcomes are reported herein

Aims. Joint arthroplasties may be associated with a blood loss, which necessitates transfusion. Especially, hip arthroplasties are highly associate with transfusion to compensate perioperative bleeding. Orthopaedic surgeons and patients have increasing concerns regarding complications of blood transfusions. Although various methods to reduce transfusions have been attempted in TJA, a high percentage of patients require a transfusion during and after the procedures. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the trends of the transfusion(transfusion rates, transfusion amounts, economic burden) in hip arthroplasties, using nationwide data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). Patients and methods. We used data from nationwide claims database of Health Insurance Review Assessment Service (HIRA). The data managed by the NHIS were used to identify the 161,934 hip arthroplasties by 3 categories including bipolar hemiarthroplasty(BH), total hip arthroplasty(THA), and revision arthroplasty(RA) from 2007 to 2015. These 3 categories were classified using the operation code recorded in the requisition data of NHIS. The transfusion rates, transfusion amounts, proportion of transfusion, cost of each type of operation was investigated and stratified by age, gender, hospital type, and area in hip arthroplasties. The proportion of transfusion about whole blood, red blood cell, fresh frozen plasma, platelet, was also evaluated in hip arthroplasties. Results. The patients of hip arthroplasties who receive transfusion was observed 11,224/13,584 in 2007, 12,823/15,325 in 2008, 13,447/16.144 in 2009, 14,915/17,702 in 2010, 15,623/18,648 in 2011, 16,374/19,878 in 2012, 16,961/20,423 in 2013, 16,367/20,060 in 2014 and 16,116/20,170 in 2015. Total transfusion rate was 81.1% in 9 years data.(82.6% in 2007, 83.7% in 2008, 83.3% in 2009, 84.3% in 2010, 83.8% in 2011, 82.4% in 2012, 83% in 2013, 81.6% in 2014, 79.9% in 2015. The overall proportion of transfusion was 7% fresh frozen plasma, 12% platelet, and 77% RBC. The total amount of transfusion was 47,351 in 2007, 56.387 in 2008, 58,320 in 2009, 66,604 in 2010, 68,472 in 2011, 74,735 in 2012, 73,370 in 2013, 67,736 in 2014, and 62,749 in 2015. The average dose of transfusion is 4.1 times in bipolar hemiarthroplasty(343,815/ 83,729), 8.7 times in revision arthroplasty(35,044/4,024), 4.3 times in total hip arthroplasty from 2007 to 2015. Conclusion. In this nationally representative study of patterns of transfusion use in hip arthroplasty, we observed relatively high rates in the use of blood transfusion among patients undergoing hip arthroplasties regardless of many factors including patient, hospital, characteristics, compared with researches in other countries. The total amount of transfusion shows decreasing trends recently, however, it does not seem a big difference in transfusion rate

We present detailed information about early morbidity after aseptic revision knee replacement from a nationwide study. All aseptic revision knee replacements undertaken between 1st October 2009 and 30th September 2011 were analysed using the Danish National Patient Registry with additional information from the Danish Knee Arthroplasty Registry. The 1218 revisions involving 1165 patients were subdivided into total revisions, large partial revisions, partial revisions and revisions of unicondylar replacements (UKR revisions). The mean age was 65.0 years (27 to 94) and the median length of hospital stay was four days (interquartile range: 3 to 5), with a 90 days re-admission rate of 9.9%, re-operation rate of 3.5% and mortality rate of 0.2%. The age ranges of 51 to 55 years (p = 0.018), 76 to 80 years (p < 0.001) and ≥ 81 years (p < 0.001) were related to an increased risk of re-admission. The age ranges of 76 to 80 years (p = 0.018) and the large partial revision subgroup (p = 0.073) were related to an increased risk of re-operation. The ages from 76 to 80 years (p < 0.001), age ≥ 81 years (p < 0.001) and surgical time > 120 min (p <  0.001) were related to increased length of hospital stay, whereas the use of a tourniquet (p = 0.008) and surgery in a low volume centre (p = 0.013) were related to shorter length of stay. . In conclusion, we found a similar incidence of early post-operative morbidity after aseptic knee revisions as has been reported after primary procedures. This suggests that a length of hospital stay ≤ four days and discharge home at that time is safe following aseptic knee revision surgery in Denmark. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1649–56

The aim was to determine the influence of COVID-19 on 30-day mortality in hip fracture. Secondary aims were to examine: (1) predictors of COVID-19 on presentation and later in the admission; (2) rate of hospital-acquired COVID-19; (3) predictive value of negative swabs on admission. A nationwide multicentre retrospective cohort study of all patients with hip fracture in all 17 Scottish hospitals in March-April. Demographics, blood results, COVID-19 status, Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS), management, length of stay (LOS), and 30-day mortality were recorded. 78/833 (9.4%) patients had COVID-19 (65 swab-proven). 30-day survival with COVID-19 was lower than without (65.4% vs 91%; p<0.001). COVID-19 within 7 days of admission (likely community-acquired) was independently associated with male sex (OR 2.34, p=0.040, CI 1.04–5.25) and COVID-19 symptoms (OR 15.56, CI 6.61–36.60, p<0.001). COVID-19 within 7–30 days (probable hospital-acquired) was independently associated with male sex (OR 1.73, CI 1.05–2.87, p=0.032), NHFS □7 (OR 1.91, CI 1.09–3.34, p=0.024), pulmonary disease (OR 1.68, CI 1.00–2.81, p=0.049), ASA □3 (OR 2.37, CI 1.13–4.97, p=0.022) and LOS □9 days (OR 1.98, CI 1.18–3.31, p=0.009). 38/65 (58.5%) of COVID-19 cases were probably hospital-acquired. The false negative rate of swabs on admission was 0% in asymptomatic and 2.9% in symptomatic patients. COVID-19 was associated with a threefold-increased 30-day mortality. Nosocomial transmission may have accounted for half of all cases. Identification of risk factors for having COVID-19 on admission, or acquiring COVID-19 later, may guide patient pathways. LOS was the only modifiable risk factor, emphasising the importance of high-quality, timely care

Background: Isolated patellofemoral arthroplasty has gained new attention after recently published positive results. It is considered an intermediate treatment for the patient with isolated arthritis of the anterior compartment of the knee. Aim of this nationwide survey was to determine the current status of patellofemoral arthroplasty in Germany. Methods: All German departments of orthopaedic surgery, traumatology and general surgery with a yearly performance of at least fifty knee arthroplasties were asked to complete a standardized questionnaire. In the first part, surgeons were asked general questions about their department size, case numbers of knee arthroplasties per year and non-endoprosthetic treatment of isolated patellofemoral disorders. If patellofemoral arthroplasty was conducted, parameters concerning age, gender, duration of complaints, indication for surgery, surgical approach, type of endoprosthesis used, additional surgical treatments and failures were evaluated in the second part. Furthermore we asked for the reasons if no isolated patellofemoral arthroplasty was performed. Results: A total of 224 (30%) usable questionnaires were returned. Of 53420 knee arthroplasties performed per year, only 195 were isolated patellofemoral arthroplaties (0.37%). However, in 54 departments (24%), at least one isolated patellofemoral arthroplasty was performed with an average of 3.95 (1–20) procedures per year. The majority of patients were between 40 and 60 years old (40–60y: 56%; 20–40y: 8%, 60–80y: 35%, > 80y: 1%). Females were affected in 65% of patients. Etiology of isolated patellofemoral arthritis was believed to be idiopathic in 41% and traumatic in 8%. Patellofemoral dysplasia was held responsible in 47% and patellofemoral instability in 4% of cases. The main reason for failure and surgical revision was ongoing pain of the affected knee (40%). Negative attitude and disbelief towards the success of isolated patellofemoral arthroplasty were stated by the majority (62%) of non-users. A lack of appropriate indications was reported by 22% and missing know-how by 16%. Conclusions: Isolated patellofemoral arthroplasty has only little significance among surgeons performing knee arthroplasty in Germany. Although promising results were reported in the literature, the majority of surgeons do not believe in the success of the procedure

Although the clinical manifestation of ONFH is well summarized as forms of various stages, its etiology, natural history or epidemiology has not been clearly elucidated yet. With this study, we wanted to find out the estimated annual incidence, epidemiologic characteristics and the effect of known risk factors of ONFH. Therefore we can understand the disease better to provide optimal management to the patients. Among 133 189 patients who diagnosed as osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) in database of national health insurance system in Korea from 2002 to 2006, three hundreds an eighty-two samples were randomly extracted with 5% error range in 95% confidence interval. With a structured worksheet, medical records and radiographs of each sample were reviewed at corresponding clinic or hospital by authors and trained orthopedic surgeons. With these data, we calculated the prevalence and associated risk factors. The mean number of annual requests was 23 466. Among 382 samples, two hundreds and seventy-four were confirmed to have ONFH. Diagnostic accuracy was 71.7 %. Diagnosis was more accurate when the patient was male or hospitalized. After the logistic regression analysis, calculated diagnostic accuracy during 2002 and 2006 was 60.3% (51 823/85 987). The annual predicted number of cases of ONFH during this period was 14 103. It corresponds to 28.91 patients per 100 000 populations. Alcohol abuse was noted in 45% and 22% was related to use of steroid. 37% showed bilateral involvement. Bone graft procedures in any kind was the most frequently performed joint preserving procedure. With this, the first epidemiologic study for ONFH in Korea, we estimated nationwide annual prevalence of ONFH as 28.91 per 100,000 populations during 2002 and 2006. There is an absolute male predominance. Alcohol abuse is the most frequent risk factors. We believe that this result can serve as a baseline data for understanding the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and treatment of ONFH

Aims

The aim of this study was to examine perioperative blood transfusion practice, and associations with clinical outcomes, in a national cohort of hip fracture patients.

Aims: Nationwide, computer-based survey of all total joint arthroplasties performed in Finland has been carried out since January 1980. From these records a cohort of 9,443 patients, with 80,734 person-years, after primary operation with a total polyethylene-on-metal knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been followed up for cancer. In 1999 we published the material until December 31, 1996. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for all cancers was 0.98. The SIRs for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1.40), Hodgkinñs disease (1.24), multiple myeloma (1.54) and prostate cancer (1.49) were increased, but only that of non-Hodgkin lymhoma was statistically signiþcant 3 to 10 years after the operation. The overall cancer risk after TKA done for primary osteoarthrosis appeared to be negligible. Material and methods: Follow-up for cancer was undertaken using the þles in the population-based, nationwide Finnish Cancer Registry, employing personal identiþcation numbers. Follow-up for cancer started at the date of þrst knee replacement and ended on emigration, death, or 31 December 2000, whichever occurred þrst. No subject was lost to follow-up. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated by dividing observed numbers of cases by expected numbers. Results: There were 2,001 men and 7,442 women left in the cohort to be followed-up. Numbers of person-years are now 15,679 and 650,552, respectively. The mean duration of follow-up per person was therefore 8,5 years. During the 21-year follow-up period, 358 cases of cancer occurred in the male subjects. The expected number was 349. In the female subjects 801 cases of cancer were observed vs. 804 expected. Combining data for men and women, the SIR for cancer at all sites was 1.00. SIRs were signiþ-cantly lower in relation to cancers of the lung (0.69), and colon (0.77). The incidence of risk of colon cancer was lower than would have been expected only in women (SIR 0.70). As far as cancers of the urinary organs is concerned, the SIR was within unity (SIR 1,03). The overall incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (extranodal sites included) was elevated, but without any statistical signiþ-cance (SIR 1.22). The SIR values for multiple myeloma and leucemia have reduced to 0.80 and 0.53. Conclusions: We conclude, that this large nation-wide material could not establish any association between TKA and the all-over incidence of remote or adjacent cancers; on the contrary incidences of certain cancers were in fact lower than those reported in the formed material with four years less follow-up. All the alarming SIRs in the former material, especially those with non-Hodgin lym-phoma, urinary tract cancers and leucemia, have now reduced and are less than unity

Introduction

The concept of same-day discharge has garnered increasing significance within orthopedic surgery, particularly in hip and knee procedures. Despite initial concerns surrounding the absence of prolonged hospital care, a burgeoning body of evidence highlights numerous advantages associated with same-day discharge, ranging from mitigating in-hospital infections to offering substantial financial and psychosocial benefits for both patients and healthcare providers. In this study, we aim to scrutinize the trends in same-day discharge specifically within the realm of total hip arthroplasties.

Introduction. Although a previous hip fracture is one of the strongest predictors for the next one this risk might be modified by other factors. The goal of this analysis was to compute a simple algorithm to assess the individual risk for a contralateral hip fracture. Materials and methods. The analysis is based on a nationwide population-based Danish cohort study of 84,360 patients experiencing a hip fracture followed-up for 5 years. We a priori defined a set of 17 candidate parameters potentially associated with early contralateral hip fracture. We bootstrapped a stepwise augmentation procedure 10 times and selected five parameters that entered the model in all bootstrapping cycles and computed the individual risk for a contralateral fracture within two, three, and five years after the first incidence. Results. 12,349 patients (14.6%) experienced a contralateral hip fracture within five years. The strength of association were: female gender (Odds Ratio 1.58), alcohol abuse 1.57, living in a single household 1.10, no prescription of bisphosphonates 1.64, and comorbidity and Charlson Score values less than 2 2.20, between 3 and 4 1.76, 5 and more, 1.46 against no comorbidity. The probability of experiencing a second fracture ranged from 3.4% to 25.9%. Discussion. Once this instrument is validated in other cohorts it provides a rational basis for prophylactic augmentation or more aggressive pharmaceutical treatment

Aim: We determined 90 days mortality following primary total hip replacement (THR) and examined the impact of age and level of comorbidity. Methods: We used data from the nationwide population based Danish Hip Arthroplasty Registry between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2004. Each THR patient was matched according to gender and age on the time of surgery with 3 persons from the general population randomly sampled using the Danish Civil Registration system, resulting in a total of 44 818 THA patients and 120 883 controls. We used a Cox regression analyses to computed age and comorbidity specific mortality rates (MR) and mortality rate ratio (MRR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for THR patients compared with the general population, as well as Number Needed to Harm (NNH). Results: The MRs for THR patients relative to those for the general population were highest in the patients younger than 60 years, corresponding to an adjusted MRR of 3.6 (95% CI: 2.2–5.5). Similar, an adjusted MRR was 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0–1.4) in patients aged 80 years and over. The THR patients younger than 60 years had more comorbidity than the controls, whereas distribution of comorbidity was equal in all other age groups. MRRs increase with comorbidity level for both THR patients and controls in all age groups. MRR for THR patients vs. controls within high comorbidity level aged below 60 years and aged 80 years and over was 3.5 (1.3–9.8) and 0.7 (0.5–0.9), respectively. However, hospitalisation with particularly cardio–og cerebrovasculaar disease before surgery increase mortality risk for both age groups, whereas hospitalisation with cancer increase mortality risk for patients younger than 60 years and decrease it for patients aged 80 years and over. Conclusions: Overall mortality of THR patients relative to those in the general population was higher 90 days after surgery. Our findings apply particularly for THR patients aged 10 to 59 and 80 years and over. Although THR patients aged 80 years and over with high comorbidity level had lower mortality than corresponding persons from the general population, some particular groups of medical condition prior to surgery is associated with increased mortality risk whereas other medical conditions are associated with decreased mortality risk. We should be careful in making clinical decisions based on the Charslon comorbidity index; subgroups analyses may be necessary. Further, we will present data on 90 days cause of death following primary THR and predictors for death, including age, gender and comorbidity (analyses are not finished yet)

Purpose:. To investigate treatment patterns and efficacy of postoperative strong opioids in patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in Korea. Methods:. A prospective, non-interventional study of 301 patients who underwent TKA and received strong opioids following patient controlled analgesia (PCA) was conducted by reviewing patient charts and diaries from 19 teaching hospitals. Clinical characteristics, strong opioid treatment patterns, efficacy of strong opioid on a scale of 0–10, and opioid-related adverse events (AEs) were investigated during hospitalization and at first outpatient visit. Safety analysis was conducted on 301 patients, and efficacy analysis was conducted on full analysis set (FAS) which consisted of all the patients who had at least 1 efficacy result among 301 patients. Results:. Among the FAS population of 298 patients, 86.9% were female, and mean age was 68.7 ± 7.5 years. Average duration of PCA was 4.3 ± 1.7 days, and average length of hospital stay including surgery was 16.3 ± 7.6 days. The mean duration of strong opioid prescription on a regular basis between PCA discontinuation and discharge was 10.3 ± 6.7 days. At the initial treatment with strong opioid following PCA, mean pain intensity score was 6.1 ± 2.1 upon movement and 4.2 ± 2.4 at rest. At discharge, mean pain intensity score was 4.1 ± 1.9 upon movement and 2.3 ± 1.8 at rest. Meanwhile, pain intensity score at the first outpatient visit was assessed only in 146 patients (49.0%) treated with opioid, and mean pain intensity scores upon movement and at rest were 3.5 ± 2.1 and 1.7 ± 1.8, respectively. Most frequently prescribed opioid was oral oxycodone (47.4%), followed by pethidine injection (17.2%), oral oxycodone/naloxone (12.6%), and transdermal fentanyl (12.0%). Additionally, the most frequently prescribed opioid on a regular basis was oral oxycodone (53.3%), and that on a PRN (pro re nata) basis was pethidine injection (48.4%). Among treatments, mean duration and mean daily dose of oral oxycodone during hospitalization were 6.1 ± 5.6 days and 13.9 ± 8.2 mg, 1.6 ± 1.2 days and 45.5 ± 24.5 mg for pethidine injection, 7.3 ± 5.3 days and 16.2 ± 7.3 mcg/hr for transdermal fentanyl, and 9.4 ± 8.0 days and 23.2 ± 16.8 mg/11.6 ± 8.34 mg for oral oxycodone/naloxone. At discharge, 150 patients (50.3%) were prescribed opioids. The most frequently prescribed strong opioid as discharge medications and their mean daily dose were 17.9 ± 10.5 mg of oxycodone (56.6%), 26.8 ± 17.0 mg/13.4 ± 8.5 mg of oxycodone/naloxone (17.1%), and 15.9 ± 6.1 mcg/hr of fentanyl (11.4%). Of 301 patients, 36 opioid-related AEs were reported in 26 patients (8.6%); the most frequently reported opioid-related AEs were nausea/vomiting in 13 patients (4.3%) experiencing 17 events, constipation in 10 patients (3.3%) experiencing 10 events, and sedation in 3 patients (1.0%) experiencing 3 events. Conclusion:. The first nationwide non-interventional study was conducted to investigate treatment patterns and efficacy of strong opioids in patients who underwent TKA. Among these patients, strong opioids provided favorable pain relief and were well tolerated at relatively low dose following PCA till the first outpatient visit

Aims: In 1999 we published a cohort of 24,638 polyethylene-on-metal total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients followed up for cancer, using Finnish Cancer Registry data, from 1980 to 1995. The number of person-years was then 173,022 (until 31st Dec, 1996). During follow-up, there were statistically significantly fewer cancers among the THA patients (standardized incidence ratio [SIR], 0.91; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 0.87–0.94). There was no significantly increased risk at any site, and for certain cancers that was even below the unity (lung and stomach). On the longer run, however, certain tendency for increased risk for cancer of the urinary bladder, myeloma, and leukemia could be observed; SIRs were greater than unity with the THA patients followed up 3 to 9 years. Further follow-up of the cohort is therefore needed. Methods: The follow-up of the same cohort, originally identified in the National Register of Arthroplasties, maintained by the National Agency for Medicines (primary THA with primary arthritis as the indication) was expanded with a four year period (from 1st of Jan 1997 to 31st of Dec 2000). Follow-up for cancer was undertaken using the files in the population-based, nationwide Finnish Cancer Registry, employing personal identification numbers. Follow-up for cancer started at the date of first hip replacement and ended on emigration, death, or December 31, 2001, whichever occurred first. Multiple cancers were taken account of in similar ways in relation to observed and expected numbers of cases. Results: After excluding revision and infective or systemic disease as indications for operation, there were 9,479 men and 15,157 women in the cohort followed. The updated numbers for person-years were 89,295 for males and 153,759 for females. The mean duration of follow-up was now 9,9 years. The total risk for cancer was now 0.93 (95%Cl 0.90–0.96) and that for stomach 0.89, for colon 0.90, lung 0.64, for urinary organs 1.01, and for connective tissues 0.88. The SIRs for non-Hogkin lymphoma, myeloma and leucemia were all under the untity, 0.88, 1.09 and 0.73, respectively, without any tendency for increased risk in the follow-up of plus ten years. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the risk of hematopoietic cancers is not increased after THA using polyethylene-on-metal prostheses. Expanding of the follow-up with four years did not markedly change the profile of the SIRs at any specific site, and contrary to our earlier report there were increased risk left of myeloma and leucemia with increased follow-up time. The SIRs associated with soft tissue cancers and bone sarcomas were not significantly different from unity. No sarcomas developed at the site of a prosthesis

The aim of this surgery was to determine current practice amongst orthopaedic surgeons in New Zealand with regard to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

All current members of the NZOA were sent a questionnaire on the numbers and proportions of grafts performed, methods of fixation, operative technique and return to sport.

One hundred and ten of 140 questionnaires were returned completed. Ninety two orthopaedic surgeons were performing ACL reconstructions. Eight per cent performed patellar tendon grafts in preference to hamstring grafts, whereas 16% preferred hamstring over patellar tendon grafts. Almost 2000 patellar tendon grafts at an average of just over 20 per surgeon are performed each year compared to just over 500 hamstring grafts at an average of just over 15 per surgeon. Metal interference screws were the most common fixation device in patellar tendon and hamstring grafts.

Patellar tendon grafts are the most common grafts used for ACL reconstruction with 80 % of those surveyed preferring to use patellar tendon over hamstring grafts. Metal interference screws were the most common fixation device. There is reasonable consensus regarding return to activity and sport.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of common medical comorbidities on the reimbursements of different shoulder arthroplasty procedures