Aims. Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is widely recognized as a demanding surgical procedure for acetabular reorientation. Reports about the learning curve have primarily focused on complication rates during the initial learning phase. Therefore, our aim was to assess the PAO learning curve from an analytical perspective by determining the number of PAOs required for the duration of surgery to plateau and the accuracy to improve. Methods. The study included 118 consecutive PAOs in 106 patients. Of these, 28 were male (23.7%) and 90 were female (76.3%). The primary endpoint was surgical time. Secondary outcome measures included radiological parameters. Cumulative summation analysis was used to determine changes in surgical duration. A multivariate linear regression model was used to identify independent factors influencing surgical time. Results. The learning curve in this series was 26 PAOs in a period of six months. After 26 PAO procedures, a significant drop in surgical time was observed and a plateau was also achieved. The mean duration of surgery during the learning curve was 103.8 minutes (SD 33.2), and 69.7 minutes (SD 18.6) thereafter (p < 0.001). Radiological correction of acetabular retroversion showed a significant improvement after having performed a total of 93 PAOs, including anteverting PAOs on 35 hips with a retroverted acetabular morphology (p = 0.005). Several factors were identified as independent variables influencing duration of surgery, including patient weight (β = 0.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2 to 0.7); p < 0.001), learning curve procedure phase of 26 procedures (β = 34.0 (95% CI 24.3 to 43.8); p < 0.001), and the degree of lateral correction expressed as the change in the lateral centre-edge angle (β = 0.7 (95% CI 0.001 to 1.3); p = 0.048). Conclusion. The learning curve for PAO surgery requires extensive surgical training at a high-volume centre, with a minimum of 50 PAOs per surgeon per year. This study defined a cut-off value of 26 PAO procedures, after which a significant drop in surgical duration occurred. Furthermore, it was observed that a retroverted morphology of the acetabulum required a greater number of procedures to acquire proficiency in consistently eliminating the crossover sign. These findings are relevant for fellows and fellowship programme directors in establishing the extent of training required to impart competence in PAO. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(4):336–343

Total hip replacement (THR) is one of the most common and cost-effective elective surgical procedures. In the National Health Service (NHS) of England and Wales a myriad of implants for THR are offered at a variety of locally negotiated prices. This study aims to estimate the total burden of elective THR to the NHS, expenditure on implants, and different scenarios of cost changes if implant selection changed for different patient groups. Using National Joint Registry (NJR) data and NHS reference costs, we estimated the number and expenditure of NHS funded primary and revision THR in the 10-year period 2008–2017 and forecasted the number and expenditure on THR over the next decade. Using NJR average NHS Trust prices for the different implant combinations we estimated the average cost of implants used in THRs and estimated the budget impact on NHS providers from switching to alternative implants. The NHS spent over £4.76 billion performing 702,381 THRs between 2008–2017. The average cost of implants was £1,260 per surgery, almost a fifth of the cost of primary THR. Providing cemented implant combinations in primary elective THRs may potentially save up to £281 million over the next 10 years, whilst keeping 10-year revision risks low. The NHS is likely to spend over £5.6 billion providing primary elective THR over the next decade. There are efficiency savings to realise in the NHS by switching to more cost-effective implant combinations available for patients undergoing primary elective THR surgery, but these will need to be balanced against the risks inherent to a change in selection of implants and surgical practice. The HIPPY programme will be conducting practice surveys, discrete choice experiments and a large randomised controlled trial of cemented, uncemented and hybrid fixation in THR for patients under 70 to answer uncertainties

Periacetabular Osteotomy (PAO) has become the most important surgical procedure for patients with hip dysplasia, offering significant pain relief and improved joint function. This study focuses on recovery after PAO, specifically the return to sports (RTS) timeline, with the objective of identifying preoperative predictors to optimize patient outcomes. Our prospective, monocentric study from 2019 to 2023 included 698 hips from 606 patients undergoing PAO. Comprehensive preoperative data were collected, including demographic information, clinical assessments (Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), International Hip Outcome Tool-12 (iHot-12), Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), UCLA Activity Score) and psychological evaluations (Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and SF-36 Health Survey). Advanced logistic regression and machine learning techniques (R Core Team. (2016)) were employed to develop a predictive model. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that several preoperative factors significantly influenced the RTS timeline. These included gender, invasiveness of the surgical approach, preoperative UCLA Score, preoperative sports activity level, mHHS, and various HOOS subscales (Sport/Recreation, Symptoms, Pain) as well as psychological factors (BSI and SF-36). The subsequent model, using a decision tree approach, showed that the combination of a UCLA score greater than 3 (p<0.001), non-female gender (p=0.003), preoperative sports frequency not less than twice per week (p<0.001), participation in high-impact sports preoperatively (p=0.008), and a BSI anxiety score less than 2 (p<0.001) had the highest likelihood of early RTS with a probability of 71.4% at three months. Using a decision tree approach, this model provides a nuanced prediction of RTS after PAO, highlighting the synergy of physical, psychological, and lifestyle influences. By quantifying the impact of these variables, it provides clinicians with a valuable tool for predicting individual patient recovery trajectories, aiding in tailored rehabilitation planning and predicting postoperative satisfaction

Alcohol hand rubs, endorsed by WHO and NICE guidelines, are integral to modern surgical practices. Our objective was to assess how different scrubbing methods impact overall water usage by the surgical team, shedding light on variations among team members and their environmental implications. Over three consecutive arthroplasty lists spanning a week, water usage during scrubbing was observed for the operating team. Blinding all team members, including the anesthetist, consultant surgeon, orthopaedic registrar, orthopaedic SHO, and scrub nurse, during water usage calculations was implemented. Automated taps, using motion sensors, posed a challenge due to variable water quantity, necessitating water flow calculations per sensor movement. The senior surgeon, with over 20 years of experience, follows a traditional approach, starting with a morning prescrub and using an alcohol tub for each case, except when hands are soiled. We observed a total of 14 cases of lower limb primary arthroplasty. The cumulative water usage for scrubbing by the entire team was 193 liters, yielding a mean of 13.8 liters (±1.85) per case. The anaesthetist demonstrated the most conservative water usage, utilizing a total of 11.85 liters with a mean of 0.84 liters per case. Notably, alcohol rub was employed for half of the observed time, contributing to this efficient use. The senior operating surgeon used a total of 15.6 liters, averaging 1.1 liters per case. In contrast, the SHO and the registrar exhibited the highest water consumption, totaling 121.6 liters and yielding a mean of 5.7 liters per case. The nurses’ collective water usage for scrubbing amounted to 44.8 liters. Adopting alcohol rub, as endorsed by WHO, results in a remarkable 10-fold reduction in water usage, aligning with global health guidelines. This highlights significant potential for resource conservation in surgical procedures, presenting a practical and environmentally conscious approach to surgical scrubbing practices

Satisfactory intermediate and long-term results of rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) for the treatment of early osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip have been reported. The purpose of this study is to examine the 30-year results of RAO. Between 1987 and 1994, we treated 49 patients (55 hips) with RAO for diagnosis of pre- OA or early-stage OA. Of those patients, 35 patients (43 hips) were available at a minimum of 28 years. The follow-up rate was 78.2% and the mean follow-up was 30.5 years. The mean age at the time of surgery was 34 years. Clinical evaluation was performed with the Merle d'Aubigne and Postel rating scale, and radiographic analyses included measurements of the center-edge angle, acetabular roof angle, and head lateralization index on preoperative, postoperative AP radiographs of the pelvis. Postoperative joint congruency was classified into four grades. The radiographic evidence of progression of OA was defined as the minimum joint space less than 2.5mm. The mean preoperative clinical score was 14.0, which improved to a mean of 15.3 at the time of the latest follow-up. The mean center-edge angle improved from 0.6° preoperatively to 34° postoperatively, the mean acetabular roof angle improved from 28.4°preoperatively to 1.0°postoperatively, the mean head lateralization index improved from 0.642 preoperatively to 0.59 postoperatively. Postoperative joint congruency was excellent in 11 hips, good in 29 hips, and fair in 3 hips. Nineteen patients (20 hips) had radiographic OA progression, and 10 patients (11 hips) were converted to THA. Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis, with radiographic OA progression as the end point, predicted survival of 75.6% at 20 years and 48.8% at 30 years, and with THA conversion as the end point, 90.2% at 20 years and 71.2% at 30 years. The RAO is an effective surgical procedure for symptomatic dysplastic hips of pre- and early-stage OA and could change the natural history of the dysplastic hip

We sought to determine the short to medium-term clinical and radiographic outcomes using a short stem in young adults with a proximal femoral deformity (PFD). We prospectively studied 31 patients (35 hips) with PFDs treated with an uncemented primary THA using a short stem with cervicometaphyseal fixation between 2011–2018. There were 19 male (23 hips) and 12 female (12 hips) patients, with a mean BMI of 26.7±4.1 kg/m. 2. Twelve cases had a previous surgical procedure, and six of them were failed childhood osteotomies. Mean age of the series was 44±12 years, mean follow-up was 81±27 months and no patients were lost to follow-up. PFDs were categorized according to a modified Berry´s classification. Average preoperative leg-length discrepancy (LLD) was −16.3 mm (−50 to 2). At a mean time of 81 months of follow-up, survival rate was 97% taking revision of the stem for any reason and 100% for aseptic loosening as endpoints. No additional femoral osteotomy was required in any case. Average surgical time was 66 minutes (45 to 100). There was a significant improvement in the mHHS score when comparing preoperative and postoperative values (47.3±10.6 vs. 92.3±3.7, p=0.0001). Postoperative LLD was in average 1 mm (−9 to 18) (p=0.0001). According to Engh's criteria, all stems were classified as stable without signs of loosening. Postoperative complications included 1 pulmonary embolism, 1 neurogenic sciatic pain, 1 transient sciatic nerve palsy that recovered completely after six months, and 2 acute periprosthetic joint infections. One patient suffered a Vancouver B2 periprosthetic femoral fracture 45 days after surgery and was revised with a modular distally fixed uncemented fluted stem. A type 2B short stem evidenced promising outcomes at short to medium-term follow up in young adult patients with PFDs, avoiding the need for corrective osteotomies and a revision stem

Hip arthroscopy (HA) and pelvic osteotomy (PO) are surgical procedures used to treat a variety of hip pathology affecting young adults, including femoroacetabular impingement and hip dysplasia respectively. This study aimed to investigate the trends and regional variation in the provision of HA and PO across England from 2010 to 2023 to inform healthcare resource allocation. We analysed the National Hospital Episode Statistics database for all HA and PO procedures in NHS England using specific OPCS-4 codes: HA: ‘W83+Z843’ or ‘W84+Z843’; PO: ‘X222+Z75’. We collected patient demographics, age, sex, and region of treatment. We performed descriptive and regression analyses to evaluate temporal trends in PO volume, age, sex and regional variation. 22,401 HAs and 1,348 POs were recorded between 2010 and 2023. The annual number of HAs declined by 28.4%, whilst the number of POs increased by 64% (p<0.001). Significantly more females underwent PO vs HA (90% vs 61.3%) and were older than males undergoing the same procedure (PO: 29.0±8.7 vs 25.8±9.2 years; HA: 36.8±12.0 years vs 35.8±11.2 years, p<0.001). For HA, the mean age of both sexes decreased by 3.3 and 2.9 years respectively (p<0.001), whereas the age of PO patients did not change significantly over the study period. There were significant regional variations with a mean incidence of 1.60/100,00 for HA (ranging from 0.70–2.66 per 100,000) and 0.43/100,000 for PO (ranging from 0.08–2.07 per 100,000). We have observed a decline in HA volume in England, likely due to improved patient selection and the impact of COVID-19, whilst PO volume has significantly increased, with regional variation persisting for both procedures. These trends highlight the need for equitable HA and PO access to improve patient outcomes and call for strategic healthcare planning and resource allocation to reduce disparities and improve training opportunities

Aims. Hip resurfacing remains a potentially valuable surgical procedure for appropriately-selected patients with optimised implant choices. However, concern regarding high early failure rates continues to undermine confidence in use. A large contributor to failure is adverse local tissue reactions around metal-on-metal (MoM) bearing surfaces. Such phenomena have been well-explored around MoM total hip arthroplasties, but comparable data in equivalent hip resurfacing procedures is lacking. In order to define genetic predisposition, we performed a case-control study investigating the role of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genotype in the development of pseudotumours around MoM hip resurfacings. Methods. A matched case-control study was performed using the prospectively-collected database at the host institution. In all, 16 MoM hip resurfacing 'cases' were identified as having symptomatic periprosthetic pseudotumours on preoperative metal artefact reduction sequence (MARS) MRI, and were subsequently histologically confirmed as high-grade aseptic lymphocyte-dominated vasculitis-associated lesions (ALVALs) at revision surgery. ‘Controls’ were matched by implant type in the absence of evidence of pseudotumour. Blood samples from all cases and controls were collected prospectively for high resolution genetic a nalysis targeting 11 separate HLA loci. Statistical significance was set at 0.10 a priori to determine the association between HLA genotype and pseudotumour formation, given the small sample size. Results. Using a previously-reported ALVAL classification, the majority of pseudotumour-positive caseswere found to have intermediate-grade group 2 (n = 10; 63%) or group 3 (n = 4; 25%) histological findings. Two further patients (13%) had high-grade group 4 lesions. HLA-DQB1*05:03:01 (p = 0.0676) and HLA-DRB1*14:54:01 (p = 0.0676) alleles were significantly associated with a higher risk of pseudotumour formation, while HLA-DQA1*03:01:01 (p = 0.0240), HLA-DRB1*04:04:01 (p = 0.0453), HLA-C*01:02:01 (p = 0.0453), and HLA-B*27:05:02 (p = 0.0855) were noted to confer risk reduction. Conclusion. These findings confirm the association between specific HLA genotypes and the risk of pseudotumour development around MoM hip resurfacings. Specifically, the two ‘at risk’ alleles (DQB1*05:03:01 and DRB1*14:54:01) may hold clinical value in preoperative screening and prospective surgical decision-making. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(3):182–187

Aims. The aim of this study was to understand the experience of mature patients who undergo a periacetabular osteotomy (PAO), a major hip-preserving surgical procedure that treats symptomatic hip dysplasia by realigning the acetabulum. Our aim was to improve our understanding of how the operation affected the lives of patients and their families, with a long-term goal of improving their experience. Methods. We used a phenomenological approach with in-depth, semi-structured interviews to investigate the experience of seven female patients, aged between 25 and 40 years, who underwent a PAO. A modified homogeneity sampling approach coupled with criterion sampling was used. Inclusion criteria involved having at least one child at home and being in a committed relationship with a spouse or partner. Results. Analysis of interview transcripts revealed five major themes: feelings of frustration before having a treatment plan; fear of the operation; the importance of understanding the procedure in order to feel in control of their care; feelings of helplessness, dependence, and depression during recovery; and the need for support during recovery. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that both the physical and psychosocial burdens of undergoing a PAO are great, with a major impact on the patient and their family. Many important issues lie outside the scope of what healthcare teams currently address. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(7):781–785

Aims. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most successful surgical procedures. The objectives of this study were to define whether there is a correlation between socioeconomic status (SES) and surgical complications after elective primary unilateral THA, and investigate whether access to elective THA differs within SES groups. Methods. We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study involving 202 hospitals in Ontario, Canada, over a 17-year period. Patients were divided into income quintiles based on postal codes as a proxy for personal economic status. Multivariable logistic regression models were then used to primarily assess the relationship between SES and surgical complications within one year of index THA. Results. Of 111,359 patients who underwent elective primary THA, those in the lower SES groups had statistically significantly more comorbidities and statistically significantly more postoperative complications. While there was no increase in readmission rates within 90 days, there was a statistically significant difference in the primary and secondary outcomes including all revisions due (with a subset of deep wound infection and dislocation). Results showed that those in the higher SES groups had proportionally more cases performed than those in lower groups. Compared to the highest SES quintile, the lower groups had 61% of the number of hip arthroplasties performed. Conclusion. Patients in lower socioeconomic groups have more comorbidities, fewer absolute number of cases performed, have their procedures performed in lower-volume centres, and ultimately have higher rates of complications. This lack of access and higher rates of complications is a “double hit” to those in lower SES groups, and indicates that we should be concentrating efforts to improve access to surgeons and hospitals where arthroplasty is routinely performed in high numbers. Even in a universal healthcare system where there are no penalties for complications such as readmission, there seems to be an inequality in the access to THA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(5):589–597

The purpose of this study is to understand the lived experience of mature patients who undergo a periacetabular osteotomy (PAO), a major surgical procedure that treats symptomatic hip dysplasia by realigning the acetabulum. Our aim was to better understand how the PAO impacted the lives of the patients and their families, with a long-term goal of improving the experience. We utilized a phenomenological approach with in-depth, semi-structured interviews to investigate the experience of seven women, ages 25–40, who underwent a PAO. A modified intensity sampling method coupled with criterion sampling was used. Inclusion criteria included raising at least one child and being in a committed relationship with a partner. Analysis of interview transcripts revealed eight themes, each of which falls into one of three chronological periods. From the start of dysplasia symptoms until meeting the PAO surgeon: (1) frustration with symptoms disrupting daily activities, (2) discouragement from misdiagnoses and lack of explanation for symptoms, and (3) fear of the PAO operation. During the PAO decision-making process: (1) the importance of education regarding the PAO procedure and full understanding of its purpose, and (2) the utility of social media to learn from past PAO patients in order to feel more confident about the decision to undergo PAO. Post-operation through recovery: (1) feelings of helplessness, isolation and difficulty asking for help, (2) relying heavily on family and/or close friends for assistance, and (3) desire for more support and communication from the healthcare team. Our findings suggest that the psychosocial burden of PAO surgery is great, with major impact on the patient and family. Many important issues lie outside the scope of what healthcare teams currently address

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most successful surgical procedures of modern times, however debate continues as to the optimal orientation of the acetabular component and how to reliably achieve this. We hypothesised that functional CT-based planning with patient specific instruments using the Corin Optimised Positioning System (OPS) would provide more accurate component alignment than the conventional freehand technique using 2D templating. A pragmatic single-centre, patient-assessor blinded, randomised control trial of patients undergoing THA was performed. 54 patients (age 18–70) were recruited to either OPS THA or conventional THA. All patients received a cementless acetabular component. Patients in both arms underwent pre- and post-operative CT scans, and four functional x-rays (standing and seated). Patients in the OPS group had a 3D surgical plan and bespoke guides made. Patients in the conventional group had a surgical plan based on 2D templating x-rays, and the pre-operative target acetabular orientation was recorded by the surgeon. The primary outcome measure was the difference between planned and achieved acetabular anteversion and was determined by post-operative CT scan performed at 6 weeks. Secondary outcome measures included Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), Oxford Hip Score (OHS), EQ-5D and adverse events. In the OPS group, the achieved acetabular anteversion was within 10° of the plan in 96% of cases, compared with only 76% of cases in the conventional group. For acetabular inclination, the achieved position in the OPS group was within 10° of the plan in 96% of cases, compared with in only 84% of cases in the conventional group. These differences were not statistically significant. The clinical outcomes were comparable between the two groups. Large errors in acetabular orientation appear to be reduced when functional CT-based planning and patient-specific instruments are used compared to the freehand technique, but no statistically significant differences were seen in the difference between planned and achieved angles. Larger studies are needed to analyse this in more detail and to determine whether the reduced numbers of outliers lead to improved clinical outcomes

Background. Orthopaedic surgeons are exposed to high levels of noise when performing common surgical procedures. Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) has been demonstrated amongst senior orthopaedic staff. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hearing loss amongst arthroplasty surgeons compared to non-surgical clinicians and explore the factors associated with hearing loss. Methods. A cross-sectional prevalence study. Arthroplasty surgeons and non-surgical clinicians were recruited from orthopaedic and medical conferences. All participants were given a paper questionnaire including demographic details, hearing history and Tinnitus and Hearing Survey (THS). All participants were screened for hearing loss in a quiet room using the HearCheck Screener™ (Siemens, UK). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with hearing loss. All statistical models were adjusted for age, gender, smoking status and personal noise exposure. A power calculation estimated a sample size of 100 participants. Results. The HEARS study recruited 189 participants (107 arthroplasty surgeons; 82 non-surgical clinicians). Prevalence of hearing loss identified by the HearCheck Screener™; 31% arthroplasty surgeons vs 11% non-surgical clinicians. The odds of failing the HearCheck Screener™ were 3.7 times higher in arthroplasty surgeons compared to their non-surgical colleagues (p<0.004). Similarly, the odds of self-reported hearing loss were 2.79 times higher amongst arthroplasty surgeons (p<0.003). Conclusion. The prevalence of hearing loss amongst arthroplasty surgeons is significantly higher than their non-surgical colleagues. Noise generated during arthroplasty surgery should be recognised and managed to create safer working conditions

Introduction. Open and arthroscopic hip debridement may be used for treatment of femoral acetabular impingement (FAI). There is a paucity of evidence regarding the efficacy of one over the other. Aim. To compare survivorship in terms of further surgical procedure at five years, in patients having undergone either arthroscopic or open hip debridement. Methods. Using our institutional database, we identified all post learning curve arthroscopic and open hip debridement cases with five years of follow up. Patients were matched based on age, gender and Tonnis grade. The primary outcome measure was 5 year survivorship to total hip arthroplasty (THA). Secondary outcome measures included 5 year survivorship to further (non THA) procedures on the joint. Radiological parameters were analysed including femoral neck version, sourcil, centre-edge and alpha angles. Results. A total of 390 arthroscopic and 1316 open operations were identified. Following exclusion and matching 102 (62 female, 39 male) cases were available for analysis in each group. Mean age was 36 years (range 17–51). At 5 years 14.8% of arthroscopic debridement patients and 5.9% of open debridement patients had undergone THA (p =0 .038). There was no statistical difference in secondary outcome measures. Discussion. A significantly higher percentage of patients undergoing arthroscopic debridement went on to THA when compared to matched patients receiving open debridement. We acknowledge the limitations of this study. However, despite the increasing prevalence of arthroscopic surgery to treat FAI, our results would suggest that open debridement may still remain the gold standard intervention. Further investigation, ideally in the form of an RCT, is warranted. Conclusion. In our case matched series, despite the longer rehabilitation and greater soft tissue insult, open surgery for FAI was associated with significantly less patients progressing to THA within 5 years compared to those undergoing arthroscopic debridement

Aims

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) injury is a potential complication after the direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty (DAA-THA). The aim of this study was to determine how the location of the fasciotomy in DAA-THA affects LFCN injury.

Aims

This study aimed to assess the carbon footprint associated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) in a UK hospital setting, considering various components within the operating theatre. The primary objective was to identify actionable areas for reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable orthopaedic practices.

Aims. We investigated patient characteristics and outcomes of Vancouver type B periprosthetic fractures treated with femoral component revision and/or osteosynthesis. Patients and Methods. The study utilized data from the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register (SHAR) and information from patient records. We included all primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs) performed in Sweden since 1979, and undergoing further surgery due to Vancouver type B periprosthetic femoral fracture between 2001 and 2011. The primary outcome measure was any further reoperation between 2001 and 2013. Cross-referencing with the National Patient Register was performed in two stages, in order to identify all surgical procedures not recorded on the SHAR. Results. Out of 1381 Vancouver type B fractures that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 257 underwent further reoperation by the end of 2013. Interprosthetic and Type B1 fractures had a higher risk for reoperation. For B1 fractures, the rate of reoperation did not differ (p = 0.322) after use of conventional (26%) or locking plate osteosynthesis (19%). No significant differences were observed between cemented, cementless monoblock, and cementless modular revision components for the treatment of type B2 and B3 fractures. Conclusion. In this country-specific study, the choice of locking or conventional plates for the treatment of type B1, and cemented or cementless femoral components fixation for B2 and B3 fractures, had no significant influence on risk for reoperation. Interprosthetic fractures adversely affected the outcome of treatment of type B fractures. Differences in the patient characteristics of the compared groups were observed. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1447–1458

Aims

This work aimed at answering the following research questions: 1) What is the rate of mechanical complications, nonunion and infection for head/neck femoral fractures, intertrochanteric fractures, and subtrochanteric fractures in the elderly USA population? and 2) Which factors influence adverse outcomes?

Aims

The primary objective of this study was to develop a validated classification system for assessing iatrogenic bone trauma and soft-tissue injury during total hip arthroplasty (THA). The secondary objective was to compare macroscopic bone trauma and soft-tissues injury in conventional THA (CO THA) versus robotic arm-assisted THA (RO THA) using this classification system.

Aims

Our primary aim was to assess reoperation-free survival at one year after the index injury in patients aged ≥ 75 years treated with internal fixation (IF) or arthroplasty for undisplaced femoral neck fractures (uFNFs). Secondary outcomes were reoperations and mortality analyzed separately.