Two-stage revision arthroplasty is the gold standard for treatment of infection after total hip Arthroplasty and end stage septic arthritis of the hip. In the first stage we used a modified technique to insert an inexpensive modular femoral component coated with antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate articulating with a polyethylene liner. The construct was used in 8 patients with infected arthroplasty, and 6 patients with septic arthritis of the hip. Two patients were excluded (no second stage). Of the remaining 12 patients, only one patient had persistent infection after the first stage; 11 patients received a successful re-implantation at the second-stage. The technique provide a construct that can be used safely and successfully in the awaiting period between the two stages of revision arthroplasty

Introduction. Circular external frames (CEF) are commonly used for a wide variety of indications, often when other devices are not appropriate. Circular frames are particularly associated with pin-site infection (PSI). Currently there is a gap in the available literature surrounding the risk of frame use with in-situ prosthetic joints. This retrospective study investigated the incidence of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) in a series of patients with in-situ arthroplasties treated with CEF. Materials & Methods. From a departmental database of 1052 frames performed from March 2007-March 2023, the outcomes of 34 patients (40 frames) with in-situ arthroplasties at the time of CEF were reviewed (mean follow-up 70 months). Patient identification was by review of all local and regional imaging. The primary outcome was development of PJI during or following CEF and subsequent need for surgical intervention. Secondary outcomes were development of superficial pin site or deep bone infection (without PJI). Results. Of 40 frames used to treat 34 patients, no PJIs were detected. Average patient age was 67 (range 55–82). 22 had cardio-respiratory disease, 11 diabetes, 15 smoked and 8 were immunosuppressed. 53 arthroplasties were in situ at the time of treatment, 12 involving the same bone as the frame. Average time in frame was 253 days. 23 patients developed PSI, 2 required a further procedure for persistent deep bone infection not involving the arthroplasties. Conclusions. Although this study involves a relatively low numbers of patients, our results are reassuring that circular frame management in patients with in-situ arthroplasty does not represent an unacceptable risk of PJI. We hope to promote these findings and encourage multi-centre collaboration to expand on the available evidence to better answer this important yet under-reported clinical question

Pacific people in New Zealand experience significant disparity in health outcomes. There is little known about the burden of arthritis within this community or difficulties accessing specialist orthopaedic care. This qualitative study evaluated the experiences of Pacific patients who underwent hip or knee arthroplasty with a goal to identify barriers to accessing arthroplasty for this community. We interviewed Pacific patients within the Bay of Plenty region who had received either elective hip or knee arthroplasty between 2013 and 2022. Interviews were centred on perceptions of arthritis severity, duration of symptoms, primary care and specialist interactions. Patients were encouraged to offer feedback on ways to improve this experience. We identified 6087 publicly funded primary joints performed in Tauranga hospital and 58 patients were of Pacific ethnicity. After exclusion criteria was applied, we successfully interviewed 20 patients eligible for our study. Pacific patients represented 2.9% of the of the BOP catchment but only received 0.43% of the publicly funded joints. Most reported reluctance to seek help from primary care until symptoms were present for at least a year. Most commonly cited reasons for not seeking help were fear of hospital services and lack of awareness in the community about osteoarthritis. We identified a lack of community awareness of osteoarthritis and arthroplasty among Pacific. This may result in delayed presentation to primary care and decreased utilisation of publicly funded joint surgery. It is reassuring that most patients of Pacific ethnicity who receive primary hip or knee arthroplasty report a positive experience. Public health initiatives together with positive feedback from Pacific patients who have undergone surgery will help to increase awareness of arthroplasty as an option to restore function and relieve pain

Hip and knee joint arthroplasty wait list has been getting outrageously long in South Africa with some tertiary hospital reporting more than 5 years of waiting time. This has been further compounded by covid 19 pandemic. There is plateau of ideas on how best to address the backlogs in high volume tertiary centers, with catchup list, out reach program, private partnership seeming unsustainable. We sought to look for sustainable solution to the problem and we looked not far but inside the system. Method. Triggered by the fire that engulfed part of the hospital, we found ourself refuged at the sister tertiary hospital with no access to theatre time. We visited districts hospitals within the cluster and discovered state of the art facility underutilized. We presented a plan to establish a satellite arthroplasty center which was greatly embraced by the management. We partnered with the trade to setup an arthroplasty service in this district hospital. Employed 3 retired nurses and 2 parttime anaesthetist all on yearly contract. We developed pathways for patient selection according to American Society of Anaesthesiologist(ASA). 232 total joint arthroplasties were performed in 15-month, 33%Hips and 67%Knees. The average hospital stay was 2,3± 2days. We had 1 mortality(# NOF) and 2 cases of PJI treated successfully with debridement antibiotic and implant retention. We had 5 cases of intraoperative calcar femur fracture managed with cables and all stable at 6weeksand 3month. Over 76% of the cases were performed by fellows as the primary surgeons. Primary hip and knee total joint replacement can be safely performed in a district hospital. Employing motivated retired staff was key to the success of this project. Fellowship trainees performed most of the operations. We suggest that other academic hospitals with long waiting list can look at emulating this model within their district

Aim. The current recommendation in Norway is to use four doses of a first-generation cephalosporin (cefazolin or cephalotin) as systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) the day of surgery in primary joint arthroplasty. Due to shortage of supply, scientific development, changed courses of treatment and improved antibiotic stewardship, this recommendation has been disputed. We therefore wanted to assess if one dose of SAP was non-inferior to four doses in preventing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in primary joint arthroplasty. Method. We included patients with primary hip- and knee arthroplasties from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register and the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register for the period 2005-2023. We included the most used SAPs (cephalotin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, cloxacillin and clindamycin), administered as the only SAP in 1-4 doses, starting preoperatively. Risk of revision (Hazard rate ratio; HRR) for PJI was estimated by Cox regression analyses with adjustment for sex, age, ASA class, duration of surgery, reason for- and type of arthroplasty, and year of primary arthroplasty. The outcome was 1-year reoperation or revision for PJI. Non-inferiority margins were calculated for 1, 2 and 3 doses versus reference of 4 doses of SAP at the day of surgery, against a predetermined limit of 15% increased risk of PJI. Results. In total 274,188 primary arthroplasties (total hip 133,985, hemi hip 51,442, and total knee 88,761) were included. Of these primary arthroplasties, 2,996 (1.1%) had subsequent revisions for PJI during the first postoperative year. One dose of SAP was given in 9,603 arthroplasties, two doses in 10,068, three doses in 18,351, and four doses in 236,166 arthroplasties. With the recommended four doses as reference, the HRR (95% CI) for 1-year revision for infection was 0.9 (0.7-1.1) for one dose, 1.0 (0.8-1.2) for two doses, and 0.9 (0.8-1.1) for three doses. The corresponding adjusted 1-year revision incidences for PJI was 0.9 (0.7-1.1), 1.0 (0.8-1.2), 0.9 (0. 8-1.1) and 1.0 (1.0-1.1) for one, two, three and four doses respectively, and less than four doses was found to be non-inferior. Conclusions. One preoperative dose of SAP in primary joint arthroplasty surgery seems to be non-inferior to the current recommendation of four doses of a first-generation cephalosporin as PJI-prophylaxis. This finding may simplify the course of treatment for arthroplasty patients, save costs, and improve antibiotic stewardship

There is growing interest in the peri-operative management of patients with indications for hip and knee arthroplasty in the setting of modifiable risk factors such as morbid obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and smoking. A recent survey of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons (AAHKS) found that 95% of respondents address modifiable risk factors prior to surgery. The aim of this study was to poll Australian arthroplasty surgeons regarding their approach to patients with modifiable risk factors. The survey tool used in the AAHKS study was adapted for use in the Australian context and distributed to the membership of the Arthroplasty Society of Australia via Survey Monkey. Seventy-seven survey responses were received, representing a response rate of 64%. The majority of respondents were experienced, high volume arthroplasty surgeons. Overall, 91% of respondents restricted access to arthroplasty for patients with modifiable risk factors. Seventy-two percent of surgeons restricted access for excessive body mass index, 85% for poor diabetic control, and 46% for smoking. Most respondents made decisions based on personal experience or literature review rather than hospital or departmental pressures. Despite differences in healthcare systems, our findings were similar to those of the AAHKS survey, although their responses were more restrictive in all domains. Differences were noted in responses concerning financial considerations for potentially underprivileged populations. The survey is currently being administered by arthroplasty societies in six other countries, allowing comparison of orthopaedic practice across different healthcare systems around the world. In conclusion, over 90% of Australian arthroplasty surgeons who responded to the survey address modifiable risk factors prior to surgery

Aim. Two-stage replacement is a frequent procedure in patients with chronic PJI. However, results in the literature after this procedure differ, ranging from 54% to 100% of infection eradication. Positive cultures at reimplantation, when performing the second stage, are perceived as a risk factor for reinfection. This study aims to determine the impact of positive cultures during the second stage on the outcome of patients undergoing a 2-stage septic replacement and the impact of antibiotic holidays between the first and the second stage. Method. We systematically searched four databases from inception to May 31, 2022. We combined terms related to PJI, joint replacement and culture results. We analysed the risk of failure when positive cultures at second stage and performed a subgroup analysis by antibiotic holiday period. Results. We included 24 studies with 2387 patients of which 432 had positive cultures during second stage (18.09%). Global failure rate was 18.01% (430 patients). When dividing failure by culture results during second stage, we found that failure in positive group was 37.01% (161/432 patients) and failure in negative group was 13.7% (269/1953 patients). In the meta-analysis (MA) the odds ratio (OR) was 4.047 (95% CI: 2.954–5.544). When performing the subgroup analysis by antibiotic holidays we found that the rate of positive cultures without and with holidays was 21.3% and 16.05%, respectively. Failure rate without holidays was 15% (90/600 patients) and with holidays was 17.3% (202/1165 patients) (p=0.21). Failure in each group was higher when cultures were positive (without holidays, 25% vs 12.2%, p=0.0003, and with holidays 41.1% vs 12.7%, p<0.0001). In the MA we found that those studies in which antibiotic holiday was reported had higher risk of failure when cultures were positive during second stage (OR 4.798 95%IC 3.142–7.325). When studies reported no antibiotic holidays also had a higher risk of failure when cultures where positive (OR 2.225 95%CI 1.103–4.489), though it was lower. Conclusions. There exists a higher risk of failure after a two-stage septic replacement when cultures are positive during reimplantation. Patients who followed no antibiotic holidays or antibiotic holidays before reimplantation have similar failure rate when cultures are negative. In both groups they have a higher risk of failure when cultures are positive, having higher risk those positive patients in the antibiotic holidays group. Therefore, importance in detecting these patients before reimplantation is crucial to ensure higher survival rates

Abstract. Background. The primary objective of the study is to determine the function outcome and survivorship of patellofemoral replacement. The secondary aim is to find the determinants of successful/poor outcome. Methods. This retrospective study involved 45 patients who underwent AVON patellofemoral replacement between January 2015 to December 2020 with the minimal follow-up off for 12 months. The functional outcome was measured using Oxford Knee score (OKS), EuroQol five dimension (EQ-5D). IWANO and Kellgren-Lawrence classification was used to analyse radiographs. To identify determinants of outcome, the following subgroups the presence or absence of normal alignment, tibiofemoral arthritis, trochlear dysplasia and previous surgery. Complications and revision rates were also recorded. Results. The mean follow-up period was 41.7 +/− 8.3 months with no patients lost in follow-up. Patellofemoral replacement significantly improved the Oxford Knee score (OKS), EuroQol five dimension (EQ-5D) (p<0.001). Four out of 45(8.9%) patients underwent revision surgery. Patients with normal alignment preoperatively did worse than those with abnormal alignment with patellar instability. Patients with grade two tibiofemoral arthritis, history of previous surgery did significantly worse with poorer functional outcome. Conclusion. Patellofemoral arthroplasty is reliable treatment option which improves patient function and quality of life with good survivorship in isolated patellofemoral arthritis in mid-term follow-up

Background. Traditional teaching recommends against arthroplasty in the index finger, due to concerns over failure with pinch stress, and prefers arthrodesis is for its stability. We aim to allay these fears and present the results of our series of index finger silastic PIPJ arthroplasties. Methods: Between 2007 & 2018 48 silastic index finger PIPJ arthroplasties were undertaken in 37 patients at our Hand Unit. All were performed under local anaesthetic ring block. Eleven patients underwent PIPJ arthroplasty in both Index fingers. Thirty-five women and two men made up the cohort with a mean age of 69 years. A retrospective analysis of all patients has been undertaken to determine the clinical results including patient satisfaction, grip and pinch strength and reoperation rates. Mean follow up was 5.1 years. Results. Six index fingers developed ulnar deviation greater than 10 degrees and there were five reoperations (10.2%). There was an excellent arc of movement of mean 44 degrees with high patient satisfaction and functional scores (mean VAS pain score 1.1, Quickdash 34, PEM 44). 90% of patients would undergo the procedure again and no patient would prefer a fusion. Conclusions: Silastic Interposition arthroplasty of the PIPJ of the Index finger is a durable procedure with excellent clinical outcomes. Our large study refutes the established technique of arthrodesis for Index finger OA, with low incidence of ulnar deviation and excellent patient satisfaction

Introduction. The use of osseointegrated limb replacement prostheses for amputees are rapidly growing in popularity due to the many benefits over conventional sockets. Many institutions worldwide are beginning to provide this surgical option to their patients and are advertising the service online. The aim of this study was to assess the quality and reading level of related information available online. Materials & Methods. A search was performed using the 3 most popular English language search engines reviewing the top 40 websites from each, using the term osseointegration on. Duplicates, videos, medical journal articles and dentistry websites were excluded. All included websites were assessed for reading using the FKGL, G-Fog and FRE. Quality was assessed using the JAMA benchmark criteria, HONC erificate and a novel 16-point scoring system developed specifically for limb replacement osseointegration. Results. The search resulted in 9,985,000 websites, 120 were assessed. 23 websites were included after removal of duplicates, medical journals and dentistry websites. None with reading grades of 6 or lower. Mean FKGL grade was 11.3/18. Mean FRE was 38.83/100. Mean G-FOG was 12.57/20. No websites had HONC. Mean JAMA score was 1.76/4. Mean HSSOIS was 5.70/16. Most provided information on indications(16/23) and explanation of osseointegration 17/23) but few discussed costs(3/23) or restrictions(9/23). Conclusions. There is already a large amount of information available online regarding osseointegrated prostheses. However, the most accessible information may exceed most patients’ reading levels, limiting is usefulness. Further, the information available is generally of low quality, The quality of information and the readability of online content should be improved to ensure more effective patient education

Extended patient waiting lists for assessment and treatment are widely reported for planned elective joint replacement surgery. The development of regionally based Elective Orthopaedic Centres, separate from units that provide acute, urgent or trauma care has been suggested as one solution to provide protected capacity and patient pathways. These centres will adopt protocolised care to allow high volume activity and increased day-case care. We report the plan to establish a new elective orthopaedic centre serving a population of 2.4 million people. A census conducted in 2022 identified that 15000 patients were awaiting joint replacement surgery with predictions for further increases in waiting times. The principle of care will be to offer routine primary arthroplasty surgery for low risk (ASA 1 and 2) patients at a new regional centre. Pre-operative assessment and preparation will be undertaken digitally, virtually and/or in person at local centres close to the where patients live. This requires new and integrated pathways and ways of working. Predicting which patients will require perioperative transfusion of blood products is an important safety and quality consideration for new pathways. We reviewed all cases of hip and knee arthroplasty surgery conducted at our centre over a 12-month period and identified pre-operative patient related predictive factors to allow us to predict the need for the perioperative transfusion of blood products. We examined patient sex, age, pre-operative haemaglobin and platelet count, use of anti-coagulants, weight and body mass index to allow us to construct the Imperial blood transfusion tool. We have used the results of our study and the transfusion tool to propose the patient pathway for the new regional elective orthopaedic centre which we present

Aim. Aim was to compare revision rates when using single versus dual antibiotic loaded cement (ABLC) in hip fracture arthroplasty and aseptic revision hip or knee arthroplasty using data from the Dutch national joint registry (LROI). Methods. All primary cemented (hemi-)arthroplasties for acute hip fractures and cemented aseptic hip or knee revision arthroplasties, were incorporated in 3 datasets. All registered implants between 2007 and 2018 were included (minimum 2 years follow-up). Primary end-point was subsequent revision rates for infection and for any reason in the single and dual ABLC groups. Cumulative crude incidence of revision was calculated using competing risk analysis. Results. A total of 22,308 hip fracture arthroplasties, 2,529 hip revision and 7,124 knee revision arthroplasties were registered and analyzed in the study period. The majority of hip fracture patients (97.1%) was treated with single ABLC. For hip and knee revision arthroplasties dual ABLC was used in 33.8% and 25.7%. The revision rate for infection in the fracture arthroplasty group was not different between groups (0.5% versus 0.8%, p=0.27). The re-revision rate following hip or knee revision based on single versus dual ABLC was not different between groups (3.2% versus 2.8%, p=0.82 for hip revision and 1.8% versus 2.5%, p=0.36 for knee revision). In addition, the re-revision rate for any reason was not different in all three datasets. The crude cumulative revision and re-revision rates for any reason based on single ABLC versus dual ABLC showed no differences in all three datasets. The crude cumulative 7-year re-revision rate for any reason following revision THA with Gentamicin ABLC use was 11.8%, with Gentamicin + Clindamycin ABLC use 13.1% and with Erythromycin + Colistin ABLC use 14.8% (ns). The crude cumulative 9-year re-revision rate for any reason following revision TKA with Gentamicin ABLC use was 17.7% and with Gentamicin + Clindamycin ABLC use 16.5% (ns). Conclusions. In conclusion, we could not show a difference in revision rate for hip fracture arthroplasty or re-revision rates for revision hip- or knee arthroplasty with the use of dual ABLC compared to single ABLC bone cement, with 7and 9 year follow up. The low percentage of dual ABLC in hip fracture arthroplasties in our registry do not enable us to make a reliable estimation of the added value in this patient category. The results of this study do not confirm the potential benefit of dual ABLC use in revision cases

Aims. Bacterial infection activates neutrophils to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in bacterial biofilms of periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the increase in NET activation and release (NETosis) and haemostasis markers in the plasma of patients with PJI, to evaluate whether such plasma induces the activation of neutrophils, to ascertain whether increased NETosis is also mediated by reduced DNaseI activity, to explore novel therapeutic interventions for NETosis in PJI in vitro, and to evaluate the potential diagnostic use of these markers. Methods. We prospectively recruited 107 patients in the preoperative period of prosthetic surgery, 71 with a suspicion of PJI and 36 who underwent arthroplasty for non-septic indications as controls, and obtained citrated plasma. PJI was confirmed in 50 patients. We measured NET markers, inflammation markers, DNaseI activity, haemostatic markers, and the thrombin generation test (TGT). We analyzed the ability of plasma from confirmed PJI and controls to induce NETosis and to degrade in vitro-generated NETs, and explored the therapeutic restoration of the impairment to degrade NETs of PJI plasma with recombinant human DNaseI. Finally, we assessed the contribution of these markers to the diagnosis of PJI. Results. Patients with confirmed PJI had significantly increased levels of NET markers (cfDNA (p < 0.001), calprotectin (p < 0.001), and neutrophil elastase (p = 0.022)) and inflammation markers (IL-6; p < 0.001) in plasma. Moreover, the plasma of patients with PJI induced significantly more neutrophil activation than the plasma of the controls (p < 0.001) independently of tumour necrosis factor alpha. Patients with PJI also had a reduced DNaseI activity in plasma (p < 0.001), leading to a significantly impaired degradation of NETs (p < 0.001). This could be therapeutically restored with recombinant human DNaseI to the level in the controls. We developed a model to improve the diagnosis of PJI with cfDNA, calprotectin, and the start tail of TGT as predictors, though cfDNA alone achieved a good prediction and is simpler to measure. Conclusion. We confirmed that patients with PJI have an increased level of NETosis in plasma. Their plasma both induced NET release and had an impaired ability to degrade NETs mediated by a reduced DNaseI activity. This can be therapeutically restored in vitro with the approved Dornase alfa, Pulmozyme, which may allow novel methods of treatment. A combination of NETs and haemostatic biomarkers could improve the diagnosis of PJI, especially those patients in whom this diagnosis is uncertain. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(9):1021–1030

Aim. We report the results of a modified Fulkerson technique of antero-medialisation of the tibial tubercle, combined with microfracture or abrasion arthroplasty in patients under 60 with patello-femoral osteoarthritis. Methods. All patients operated between September 1992 and October 2007 were reviewed by an independent observer in clinic or by postal questionnaire, using the Oxford Knee Score, Melbourne Patella Score and a Satisfaction Score. Only patients with Outerbridge Grade 3-4 osteoarthritis of the patello-femoral joint were included. They were assessed pre-operatively with plain x-rays, MRI scans (as well as tracking scans in the last 10 years) and arthroscopically. All patients with tracking scans showed lateral subluxation of the patella. The surgical procedure was a modification of Fulkerson's tibial tubercle osteotomy, with an advancement of 1-1.5cms and a medialisation of 1.5cms. The exposed bone of the patella and trochlea was drilled in the early cases and in the later cases an arthroscopic microfracture or abrasion using a power burr was carried out. Results. Between September 1992 and October 2007, 103 procedures were carried out in 84 patients, 19 patients having staged bilateral procedures. The mean follow-up was 84 months (range 24-204 months). The mean age was 45 (range 26-59) and the female to male ratio was 7.6:1. 70 patients were reviewed (follow-up rate of 82%). The mean Oxford Knee Score was 18.5 pre-operatively (range 3-32) and 34.3 post-operatively (range 11-47). The Melbourne Patella Score was 9.6 pre-operatively (range 3-30) and 20 post-operatively (range 11-30). Patient Satisfaction Scores were excellent (54%), good (29%), fair (8.5%) and poor (8.5%). 4 knees in 3 patients were converted to a patello-femoral arthroplasty, giving a 10 year survival rate of 96.1%. Conclusion. This procedure offers an alternative to patello-femoral arthroplasty for younger patients with isolated patello-femoral arthritis

For all the research into arthroplasty, provision of total knee arthroplasty (TKR) services based on gender in the Australian context is yet to be explored. International literature points toward a heavily gender biased provision of TKA services, skewed away from female patients. This research has aimed to assess the current experience of Australian female patients and to explore better assessment techniques that could provide more equitable services. A retrospective cohort analysis has been conducted using pre-op PROMs data, where available, from the Australian National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), between 7 August 2018 and 31 December 2021, including: EQ VAS Health; Oxford Knee Score; joint pain; and KOOS-12. Data was adjusted for age, ASA score, BMI, primary diagnosis, public vs private hospital, surgeon gender and years of practice (as estimated from years of registry data available). Of 1,001,231 procedures performed, 27,431 were able to be analysed (12,300 male and 15,131 female). Gender-based bias against female patients reached statistical significance across all PROM scores, according to the Kruskal-Wallis test of difference (p-value <0.0001). Males were more likely to undergo TKR than females, with odds ratios remaining statistically significant when adjusted for age, ASA score, BMI, primary diagnosis, and hospital type. Numbers were further analysed for surgeon years of recorded practice and surgeon gender with mixed results. This study found that women were less likely to undergo TKR despite worse scores on every pre-op PROM available, thus we demonstrate a statistically significant gender-based bias against female patients. More effort needs to be made to identify the base of this bias and find new ways to assess patients that can provide more equitable provision of healthcare

Aim. Analysis of microbiological spectrum and resistance patterns as well as the clinical outcome of patients who underwent a Debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) procedure in the early phase following failed two-stage exchange arthroplasty of the knee and hip. Method. Of 312 patients treated with two-stage exchange arthroplasty between January 2011 and December 2019, 16 (5.1%) patients (9 knee, 7 hip) underwent a DAIR procedure within 6 months following second stage. We retrospectively analyzed the microbiological results as well as changes in the microbiological spectrum and antibiotic resistance patterns between stages of two-stage exchange arthroplasties and DAIR procedures. Patient's re-revision rates after a minimum follow-up of 12 months following DAIR procedure were evaluated. Moreover, differences between knee and hip and between infected primary total joint replacement (TJRs) and infected revision TJRs as well as patient's host factors and microbiological results regarding the outcome of DAIR were analyzed. Results. In 7/16 (43.8%) patients the first and second stage procedure was culture positive, in 5/16 (31.2%) patients the first and second stage procedure was culture negative and in 4/16 (25%) patients the first stage procedure was culture positive, and the second stage procedure was culture negative. Moreover, 6 (37.5%) out of 16 DAIR procedures showed a positive microbiological result. In 5/7 (71.4%) patients with culture positive second stage procedure a different microorganism compared to first stage procedure was detected. In 6/6 (100%) patients with culture positive DAIR procedure, the isolated microorganisms were not detected during first or second stage procedure. An additional re-revision surgery was necessary in 4/16 (25%) patients after a median time of 31 months (range, 12 to 138 months) at a mean follow up of 63.1 ± 32 months following DAIR procedure. Highest re-revision rates were found in patients with culture positive second stage procedures (3/7 [42.9%]) and patients with culture positive DAIR procedures (2/6 [33.3%]). Conclusions. DAIR procedure seems to be a useful early treatment option following failed two-stage exchange arthroplasty. The re-revision rates were independent of different combinations of culture positive and culture negative first and second stage procedures. The high number of changes in the microbiological spectrum needs to be considered in the treatment of PJI

Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) has a tendency to change the individual anatomy of the patient within the limits of today used arthroplasty designs. Femoral external rotation will lead to mediolateral overhang by upsizing to avoid lateral notching and downsizing will lead to loss of posterior condylar offset. Posterior slope is usually reduced to avoid problems with posterior stabilized (PS) designs. We compared 50 bicompartimental arthroplasties (Uni + PFJ) with 50 TKA's. Demographics and BMI are compared. We looked specifically at patient type, preoperative deformity, postoperative function and alignment and results on functional scores. Bicompartimental arthroplasty is a resurfacing intervention that allows less correction of frontal deformity. Postop alignment was within 3° of varus. Better active flexion was obtained than in TKA. Better function was observed for stair climbing and single leg stability. Rotational position of foot was more natural in bicompartimental as compared to TKA. Functional scores like WOMAC, KOOS and IKDC showed better results for bicompartimental. Illness perception score showed that the resurfacing patient is another patient than the TKA patient. No overhang of components was observed. No change of posterior condylar offset was necessary. Posterior slope on the medial side was minimally reduced. In conclusion resurfacing by bicompartimental arthroplasty with two individual components (Uni + PFJ) is an excellent solution to gender and ethnic differences. The individual anatomy of the specific patient goes through minimal changes resulting in better functional results

Obesity is associated with worse outcomes following total knee/hip arthroplasty (TKA/TKA). This study aimed to determine the feasibility of a dietitian-led low-inflammatory weight-loss program for people with obesity awaiting arthroplasty. Quasi-experimental pilot study enrolled people with obesity waitlisted for primary TKA/THA into ‘usual care’ (UC) or weight-loss (low-inflammatory diet) program (Diet). Recruitment occurred between July 2019 and February 2020 at Fairfield and Campbelltown Hospitals. Assessments at baseline, pre-surgery, time of surgery and 90-days following surgery included anthropometric measurements, patient-reported outcomes, serum biomarkers and 90-day postoperative complication rate. 97 people consented to the study (UC, n=47, mean age 67, BMI 37, TKA 79%; Diet, n=50, mean age 66, BMI 36, TKA 72%). Baseline characteristics indicated gross joint impairments and poor compliance with a low-inflammatory diet. Study feasibility criteria included recruitment rate (52%), proportion of diet patients that improved compliance to low-inflammatory diet by ≥10% (57%) and had ≥60% attendance of dietitian consultations (72%), proportion of patients who undertook serum biomarkers (55%). By presurgery assessments, the diet group had more patients who cancelled their surgery due to symptom improvement (4 vs 0), reduced waist-circumference measurements, increased compliance with the Low-Inflammatory diet and preservation of physical activity parameters. More usual care participants experienced at least one postoperative complication to 90-days (59% vs 47%) and were discharged to inpatient rehabilitation (21% vs 11%). There was no difference in weight change, physical function, and patient-reported outcome measures from pre-surgery to 90-days post-surgery, and length of hospital stay. Using pre-determined feasibility criteria, conducting a definitive trial is not feasible. However, intervention audit demonstrated high intervention fidelity. Pilot data suggest our program may promote weight loss but the clinical effects for most are modest. Further research utilising a stronger intervention may be required to assess the effectiveness of a pre-arthroplasty weight-loss intervention

Routine post-operative bloods following all elective arthroplasty may be unnecessary. This retrospective cohort study aims to define the proportion of post-operative tests altering clinical management. Clinical coding identified all elective hip or knee joint replacement under Hawkes Bay District Health Board contract between September 2019-December 2020 (N=373). Uni-compartmental and bilateral replacements, procedures performed for cancer, and those with insufficient data were excluded. Demographics, perioperative technique, and medical complication data was collected. Pre- and post-operative blood tests were assessed. Outcome measures included clinical intervention for abnormal post-operative sodium (Na), creatinine (Cr), haemoglobin (Hb), or potassium (K) levels. A cost-benefit analysis assessed unnecessary testing. 350 patients were Included. Median age was 71 (range 34-92), with 46.9% male. Only 26 abnormal post-operative results required intervention (7.1%). 11 interventions were for low Na, 4 for low K, and 4 for elevated Cr. Only 7 patients were transfused blood products. Older age (p=0.009) and higher ASA (p=0.02) were associated with intervention of any kind. Abnormal preoperative results significantly predicted intervention for Na (p<0.05) and Cr (p<0.05). All patients requiring treatment for K used diuretic medication. Preoperative Hb level was not associated with need for transfusion. Overall, there were 1027 unnecessary investigations resulting in $18,307 excess expenditure. Our study identified that the majority of elective arthroplasty patients do not require routine postoperative blood testing. We recommend investigations for patients with preoperative electrolyte abnormality, those taking diuretics, and patients with significant blood loss noted intra-operatively. In future, a larger, randomised controlled trial would be useful to confirm these factors

Background. The rise in the adoption of outpatient arthroplasty has been attributed to its cost-effectiveness, although safety concerns persist. In this meta-analysis, we compare inpatient and outpatient joint arthroplasty with a primary focus on readmission and complication rates, using exclusively high-quality prospective data. Cost-effectiveness was used as a secondary outcome measure. Methods. A literature search was performed in Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library from inception to October 2023. A predefined strategy was used to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis. Twelve studies were deemed eligible for inclusion. These were critically appraised using RoB analysis and MINORS criteria. Overall readmission rate, readmission rate for THA, readmission rate for TKA, complication rate and cost-analysis were selected as outcomes of interest. Forest plots were extracted using RevMan 5.3.5 software. Results. The twelve studies included 2470 patients, of which 1052 were outpatients and 1418 inpatient subjects undergoing arthroplasty. Forest plot analysis showed no significant difference in safety outcomes (readmission and complication rates). However, there were significantly lower costs in the outpatient group compared to the inpatient group. The results of the analysis were; overall readmission rate (Odds ratio 0.66; P= 0.29; I. 2. =18%), readmission rate in THA (odds ratio 0.62; P=0.10; I. 2. =51%), readmission rate in TKA (odds ratio 0.67; P=0.56; I. 2. =0%), overall complication rate (odds ratio 0.77; P=0.12; I. 2. =38%) and cost analysis (RR −2.88; P<0.00001; I. 2. = 93%). Conclusions. This meta-analysis demonstrates that outpatient total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is a safe option, when compared to inpatient surgery. However, it is clear that further prospective studies and long-term randomized clinical data are necessary for a more comprehensive understanding