Aims. It is important to analyze objectively the hammering sound in cup press-fit technique in total hip arthroplasty (THA) in order to better understand the change of the sound during impaction. We hypothesized that a specific characteristic would present in a hammering sound with successful fixation. We designed the study to quantitatively investigate the acoustic characteristics during cementless cup impaction in THA. Methods. In 52 THAs performed between November 2018 and April 2022, the acoustic parameters of the hammering sound of 224 impacts of successful press-fit fixation, and 55 impacts of unsuccessful press-fit fixation, were analyzed. The successful fixation was defined if the following two criteria were met: 1) intraoperatively, the stability of the cup was retained after manual application of the torque test; and 2) at one month postoperatively, the cup showed no translation on radiograph. Each hammering sound was converted to sound pressures in 24 frequency bands by fast Fourier transform analysis. Basic patient characteristics were assessed as potential contributors to the hammering sound. Results. The median sound pressure (SP) of successful fixation at 0.5 to 1.0 kHz was higher than that of unsuccessful fixation (0.0694 (interquartile range (IQR) 0.04721 to 0.09576) vs 0.05425 (IQR 0.03047 to 0.06803), p < 0.001). The median SP of successful fixation at 3.5 to 4.0 kHz and 4.0 to 4.5 kHz was lower than that of unsuccessful fixation (0.0812 (IQR 0.05631 to 0.01161) vs 0.1233 (IQR 0.0730 to 0.1449), p < 0.001; and 0.0891 (IQR 0.0526 to 0.0891) vs 0.0885 (IQR 0.0716 to 0.1048); p < 0.001, respectively). There was a statistically significant positive relationship between body weight and SP at 0.5 to 1.0 kHz (p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses indicated that the SP at 0.5 to 1.0 kHz and 3.5 to 4.0 kHz was independently associated with the successful fixation. Conclusion. The frequency bands of 0.5 to 1.0 and 3.5 to 4.0 kHz were the key to distinguish the sound characteristics between successful and unsuccessful press-fit cup fixation. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(3):154–161

Aims. It is important to analyze objectively the hammering sound in cup press-fit technique in total hip arthroplasty (THA) in order to better understand the change of the sound during impaction. We hypothesized that a specific characteristic would present in a hammering sound with successful fixation. We designed the study to quantitatively investigate the acoustic characteristics during cementless cup impaction in THA. Methods. In 52 THAs performed between November 2018 and April 2022, the acoustic parameters of the hammering sound of 224 impacts of successful press-fit fixation, and 55 impacts of unsuccessful press-fit fixation, were analyzed. The successful fixation was defined if the following two criteria were met: 1) intraoperatively, the stability of the cup was retained after manual application of the torque test; and 2) at one month postoperatively, the cup showed no translation on radiograph. Each hammering sound was converted to sound pressures in 24 frequency bands by fast Fourier transform analysis. Basic patient characteristics were assessed as potential contributors to the hammering sound. Results. The median sound pressure (SP) of successful fixation at 0.5 to 1.0 kHz was higher than that of unsuccessful fixation (0.0694 (interquartile range (IQR) 0.04721 to 0.09576) vs 0.05425 (IQR 0.03047 to 0.06803), p < 0.001). The median SP of successful fixation at 3.5 to 4.0 kHz and 4.0 to 4.5 kHz was lower than that of unsuccessful fixation (0.0812 (IQR 0.05631 to 0.01161) vs 0.1233 (IQR 0.0730 to 0.1449), p < 0.001; and 0.0891 (IQR 0.0526 to 0.0891) vs 0.0885 (IQR 0.0716 to 0.1048); p < 0.001, respectively). There was a statistically significant positive relationship between body weight and SP at 0.5 to 1.0 kHz (p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses indicated that the SP at 0.5 to 1.0 kHz and 3.5 to 4.0 kHz was independently associated with the successful fixation. Conclusion. The frequency bands of 0.5 to 1.0 and 3.5 to 4.0 kHz were the key to distinguish the sound characteristics between successful and unsuccessful press-fit cup fixation. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;4(3):154–161

Aims. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is considered the preferred treatment for displaced proximal femoral neck fractures. However, in many countries this option is economically unviable. To improve outcomes in financially disadvantaged populations, we studied the technique of concomitant valgus hip osteotomy and operative fixation (VOOF). This prospective serial study compares two treatment groups: VOOF versus operative fixation alone with cannulated compression screws (CCSs). Methods. In the first series, 98 hip fixation procedures were performed using CCS. After fluoroscopic reduction of the fracture, three CCSs were placed. In the second series, 105 VOOF procedures were performed using a closing wedge intertrochanteric osteotomy with a compression lag screw and lateral femoral plate. The alignment goal was to create a modified Pauwel’s fracture angle of 30°. After fluoroscopic reduction of fracture, lag screw was placed to achieve the calculated correction angle, followed by inter-trochanteric osteotomy and placement of barrel plate. Patients were followed for a minimum of two years. Results. Mean follow-up was 4.6 years (4.1 to 5.0) in the CCS group and 5.5 years (5.25 to 5.75) in the VOOF group. The mean Harris Hip Score at two-year follow-up was 83.85 in the CCS group versus 88.00 in the VOOF group (p < 0.001). At the latest follow-up, all-cause failure rate was 29.1% in the CCS group and 11.7% in the VOOF group (p = 0.003). The total cost of the VOOF technique was 7.2% of a THA, and total cost of the CCS technique was 6.3% of a THA. Conclusion. The VOOF technique decreased all-cause failure rate compared to CCS. The total cost of VOOF was 13.5% greater than CCS, but 92.8% less than a THA. Increased cost of VOOF was considered acceptable to all patients in this series. VOOF technique provides a reasonable alternative to THA in patients who cannot afford a THA procedure. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(5):329–337

Aims. Cementing in arthroplasty for hip fracture is associated with improved postoperative function, but may have an increased risk of early mortality compared to uncemented fixation. Quantifying this mortality risk is important in providing safe patient care. This study investigated the association between cement use in arthroplasty and mortality at 30 days and one year in patients aged 50 years and over with hip fracture. Methods. This retrospective cohort study used linked data from the Australian Hip Fracture Registry and the National Death Index. Descriptive analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival curves tested the unadjusted association of mortality between cemented and uncemented procedures. Multilevel logistic regression, adjusted for covariates, tested the association between cement use and 30-day mortality following arthroplasty. Given the known institutional variation in preference for cemented fixation, an instrumental variable analysis was also performed to minimize the effect of unknown confounders. Adjusted Cox modelling analyzed the association between cement use and mortality at 30 days and one year following surgery. Results. The 30-day mortality was 6.9% for cemented and 4.9% for uncemented groups (p = 0.003). Cement use was significantly associated with 30-day mortality in the Kaplan-Meier survival curve (p = 0.003). After adjusting for covariates, no significant association between cement use and 30-day mortality was shown in the adjusted multilevel logistic regression (odd rati0 (OR) 1.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9 to 1.5; p = 0.366), or in the instrumental variable analysis (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.0, p=0.524). There was no significant between-group difference in mortality within 30days (hazard ratio (HR) 0.9, 95% CI 0.7to 1.1; p = 0.355) or one year (HR 0.9 95% CI 0.8 to 1.1; p = 0.328) in the Cox modelling. Conclusion. No statistically significant difference in patient mortality with cement use in arthroplasty was demonstrated in this population, once adjusted for covariates. This study concludes that cementing in arthroplasty for hip fracture is a safe means of surgical fixation. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(3):198–204

Aims. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a very successful and cost-effective operation, yet debate continues about the optimum fixation philosophy in different age groups. The concept of the 'cementless paradox' and the UK 'Getting it Right First Time' initiative encourage increased use of cemented fixation due to purported lower revision rates, especially in elderly patients, and decreased cost. Methods. In a high-volume, tertiary referral centre, we identified 10,112 THAs from a prospectively collected database, including 1,699 cemented THAs, 5,782 hybrid THAs, and 2,631 cementless THAs. The endpoint was revision for any reason. Secondary analysis included examination of implant survivorship in patients aged over 70 years, over 75 years, and over 80 years at primary THA. Results. Cemented fixation had the lowest implant survival in all age groups, with a total ten-year survivorship of 97.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 95.8 to 97.8) in the cemented group, 97.6% (95% CI 96.9 to 98.1) in the hybrid group, and 97.9% (95% CI 96.9 to 98.6) in the cementless group. This was not statistically significant (p = 0.092). There was no age group where cemented fixation outperformed hybrid or cementless fixation. Conclusion. While all fixation techniques performed well at long-term follow-up, cemented fixation was associated with the lowest implant survival in all age groups, including in more elderly patients. We recommend that surgeons should carefully monitor their own outcomes and use fixation techniques that they are familiar with, and deliver the best outcomes in their own hands. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(2):206–211

When treating periprosthetic femur fractures (PPFFs) around total hip arthroplasty (THA)], determining implant fixation status preoperatively is important, since this guides treatment regarding ORIF versus revision. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of preoperative implant fixation status determination utilizing plain films and CT scans. Twenty-four patients who underwent surgery for Vancouver B type PPFF were included in the study. Two joint surgeons and two traumatologists reviewed plain films alone and made a judgment on fixation status. They then reviewed CT scans and fixation status was reassessed. Concordance and discordance were recorded. Interobserver reliability was assessed using Kendall's W and intraobserver reliability was assessed using Cohen's Kappa. Ultimately, the “correct” response was determined by intraoperative findings, as we routinely test the component intraoperatively. Fifteen implants were found to be well-fixed (63%) and 9 were loose. Plain radiographs alone predicted correct fixation status in 53% of cases. When adding the CT data, the correct prediction only improved to 55%. Interestingly, concordance between plain radiographs and CT was noted in 82%. In concordant cases, the fixation status was found to be correct in 55% of cases. Of the 18% of cases with discordance, plain films were correct in 43% of cases, and the CT was correct in 57%. Interobserver reliability demonstrated poor agreement on plain films and moderate agreement on CT. Intraobserver reliability demonstrated moderate agreement on both plain films and CT. The ability to determine fixation status for proximal PPFFs around uncemented femoral components remains challenging. The addition of routine CT scanning did not significantly improve accuracy. We recommend careful intraoperative testing of femoral component fixation with surgical dislocation if necessary, and the surgeon should be prepared to revise or fix the fracture based on those findings

Custom acetabular components have become an established method of treating massive acetabular bone defects in hip arthroplasty. Complication rates, however, remain high and migration of the cup is still reported. Ischial screw fixation (IF) has been demonstrated to improve mechanical stability for non-custom, revision arthroplasty cup fixation. We hypothesise that ischial fixation through the flange of a custom acetabular component aids in anti-rotational stability and prevention of cup migration. Electronic patient records were used to identify a consecutive series of 49 custom implants in 46 patients from 2016 to 2022 in a unit specializing in complex joint reconstruction. IF was defined as a minimum of one screw inserted into the ischium passing through a hole in a flange on the custom cup. The mean follow-up time was 30 months. IF was used in 36 cups. There was no IF in 13 cups. No difference was found between groups in age (68.9 vs. 66.3, P = 0.48), BMI (32.3 vs. 28.2, P = 0.11) or number of consecutively implanted cups (3.2 vs. 3.6, P = 0.43). Aseptic loosening with massive bone loss was the primary indication for revision. There existed no difference in Paprosky grade between the groups (P = 0.1). 14.2% of hips underwent revision and 22.4% had at least one dislocation event. No ischial fixation was associated with a higher risk of cup migration (6/13 vs. 2/36, X2 = 11.5, P = 0.0007). Cup migration was associated with an increased risk for all cause revision (4/8 vs. 3/38, X2 = 9.96, P = 0.0016, but not with dislocation (3/8 vs. 8/41, X2 = 1.2, P = 0.26). The results suggest that failure to achieve adequate ischial fixation, with screws passing through the flange of the custom component into the ischium, increases the risk of cup migration, which, in turn, is a risk factor for revision

The incidence of hip fractures in the elderly is increasing. Minimally displaced and un-displaced hip fractures can be treated with either internal fixation or hemiarthroplasty. The aim was identifying the revision rate of internal fixation and hemiarthroplasty in patients 60 years or older with Garden I or II hip fractures and to identify risk factors associated with each method. A retrospective analysis was conducted from 2 Major Trauma Centres and 9 Trauma Units between 01/01/2015 and 31/12/2020. Patients managed conservatively, treated with a total hip replacement and missing data were excluded from the study. 1273 patients were included of which 26.2% (n=334) had cannulated hip fixation (CHF), 19.4% (n=247) had a dynamic hip screw (DHS) and 54.7% (n=692) had a hemiarthroplasty. 66 patients in total (5.2%) required revision surgery. The revision rates for CHF, DHS and hemiarthroplasty were 14.4%, 4%, 1.2% (p<0.001) respectively. Failed fixation was the most common reason for revision with the incidence increasing by 7-fold in the CHF group [45.8% (n=23) vs. 33.3% (n=3) in DHS; p<0.01]. The risk factors identified for CHF revision were age >80 (p<0.05), female gender (p<0.05) and smoking (p<0.05). The average length of hospital stay was decreased when using CHF compared to DHS and hemiarthroplasty (12.6 days vs 14.9 days vs 18.1 days respectively, p<0.001) and the 1 year mortality rate for CHF, DHS and hemiarthroplasty was 2.5%, 2% and 9% respectively. Fixation methods for Garden I and II hip fractures in elderly patients are associated with a higher revision rate than hemiarthroplasty. CHF has the highest revision rate at 14.4% followed by DHS and hemiarthroplasty. Female patients, patients over the age of 80 and patients with poor bone quality are considered high risk for fixation failure with CHF. When considering a fixation method in such patients, DHS is more robust than a screw construct, followed by hemiarthroplasty

Isolated liner exchange with highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) is an option to address polyethylene wear and osteolysis after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The liner can be fixed with either the original locking mechanism or cemented into the acetabular cup. Whether the method used for fixation of HXLPE liner has any bearing on the outcomes 10 to 15 years after surgery is still unclear. Data for all patients who had undergone isolated liner exchange surgery with HXLPE in our institution between August 2000 and January 2015 were retrieved. Patients were classified according to the locking mechanism used (original locking mechanism or cemented). Survivorship and revision rates were compared among different subgroups. A total of 86 isolated liner exchanges were performed and patients had a mean duration of follow-up of 13 years (range, 5 to 22). 50 patients had the new liner cemented and the other 36 patients used the original locking mechanism. 20 patients (23.3%) had complications, with dislocation being the most common (7). 10 of them (12.6%) required re-revision surgery. Overall estimated mean survivorship was 19.2 years. There was no significant difference in the re-revision rate between original locking mechanism (11.1%) and cementation (12.0%) for the fixation of HXLPE (p=0.899). Using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the revision-free survival of HXLPE fixed with original locking mechanism and cementation were 94.1% and 93.2%, respectively, at 10 years, and were 84.7% and 81.3%, respectively, at 20 years (p=0.840). The re-revision rate and the revision-free survival of liner exchange surgery using HXLPE liner were not affected by the fixation technique used. Both cementing a HXLPE liner or using the original locking mechanism were associated with good survivorship at 13 years follow up

Aims. In UK there are around 76,000 hip fractures occur each year 10% to 15% of which are undisplaced intracapsular. There is considerable debate whether internal fixation is the most appropriate treatment for undisplaced fractures in older patients. This study describes cannulated hip screws survivorship analysis for patients aged ≥ 60 years with undisplaced intra-capsular fractures. Methods. This was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients aged ≥ 60 years who had cannulated screws fixation for Garden I and II fractures in a teaching hospital between March 2013 and March 2016. The primary outcome was further same-side hip surgery. Descriptive statistics were used and Kaplan-Meier estimates calculated for implant survival. Results. A total of 114 operations were performed on 112 patients with a mean age of 80.2 years (SD 8.9). The 30-day and one-year mortality were 1% (n = 1) and 13% (n = 15), respectively. Median follow-up was 6.6 years (interquartile range 6.0 to 7.3). Kaplan-Meier estimates showed a survivorship of 95% at one year and 90% at five years (95% confidence interval 84% to 95%) for cannulated screws. Nine patients underwent further hip surgery: four revision to total hip arthroplasty, one revision to hemiarthroplasty, three removals of screws, and one haematoma washout. Posterior tilt was assessable in 106 patients; subsequent surgery was required in two of the six patients identified with a posterior angle > 20° (p = 0.035 vs angle < 20°). Of the 100 patients with angle < 20°, five-year survivorship was 91%, with seven patients requiring further surgery. Conclusion. This study of cannulated hip screw fixation for undisplaced fractures in patients aged ≥ 60 years reveals a construct survivorship without further operation of 90% at five years. Cannulated screws can be considered a safe reliable treatment option for Garden I and II fractures. Caution should be taken if posterior tilt angle on lateral view exceeds 20°, due to a higher failure rate and reoperation, and considered for similar management to Garden III and IV injuries. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(3):182–188

There remains concern with the use of constrained liners (CL) implanted at the time of acetabular cup revision in revision total hip replacement (rTHA). The aim of this study was to determine the implant survival in rTHA when a CL was implanted at the same time as acetabular cup revision. We reviewed our institutional database to identify all consecutive rTHAs where a CL was implanted simultaneously at the time acetabular cup revision from 2001 to 2021. One-hundred and seventy-four revisions (173 patients) were included in the study. Mean follow-up of 8.7 years (range two – 21.7). The most common indications for rTHA were instability (35%), second-stage periprosthetic joint infection (26.4%), and aseptic loosening (17.2%). Kaplan Meier Analysis was used to determine survival with all-cause re-revision and revision for cup aseptic loosening (fixation failure) as the endpoints. A total of 32 (18.3%) patients underwent re-revision at a mean time of 2.9 years (range 0.1 – 14.1). The most common reasons for re-revision were instability (14), periprosthetic joint infection (seven), and loosening of the femoral component (four). Three (1.7%) required re-revision due to aseptic loosening of the acetabular component (fixation failure) at a mean of two years (0.1 – 5.1). Acetabular component survival free from re-revision due to aseptic loosening was 98.9% (95% CI 97.3 – 100) at five-years and 98.1% (95% CI 95.8 – 100) at 10-years. There were no acetabular component fixation failures in modern highly porous shells. CLs implanted at the time acetabular cup revision in rTHA have a 98.1% 10-year survival free from acetabular cup aseptic loosening (fixation failure). There were no cup fixation failures in modern highly porous shells. Thus, when necessary, implanting a CL during revision of an acetabular component with stable screw fixation is safe with an extremely low risk of cup fixation failure

Debate continues about the best treatment for patients over 65 years with non-displaced subcapital hip fractures: internal fixation (IF) or hemiarthroplasty (HA). Surgical aggression, mortality, complications and recovery of walking ability after 1year have been compared between both treatments. Match-paired comparison of 2 retrospective cohorts. 220 patients with IF vs 220 receiving a cemented bipolar HA. Matching by age (82.6±7.16 years (65–99)), sex (74.5% women), year of intervention (2013–2021) and ASA scale (24.2% ASA II, 55.8% III, 20.0% IV). Age (p=0.172), sex (p=0.912), year of intervention (p=0.638) and ASA scale (p=0.726) showed no differences. Surgical aggression smaller in IF: Surgical time (p< 0,00001), haemoglobin/haematocrit loss (p <0,00001), need for transfusion (p<0,00008), in-hospital stay (p<0,00001). Mortality: higher in-hospital for hemiarthroplasties (12 deaths (5.5%) vs 1 (0.5%) (p=0.004) (RR=12, 1.5–91.5)). But no significant differences in 1-month (13 hemiarthroplasties, 6%, vs 9 osteosynthesis, 4.1%) and 1-year mortality (33 hemiarthroplasties, 15%, vs 35, 16%). Medical complications: no differences in urinary/respiratory infections, heart failure, ictus, myocardial infarction, digestive bleeding, pressure sores or pulmonary embolus (p=0.055). Surgical complications: no significant differences. HA: 6 intraoperative (2,7%) and 5 postoperative periprosthetic fractures (2,3%), 5 infections (2,3%), 10 dislocations (4,5%), 3 neurovascular injuries. IF: 10 acute fixation failures (4,5%), 2 infections (0,9%), 9 non-unions (4,1%), 16 ischemic necrosis (7,3%). Functional results: no significant differences; 12 patients in each group (5,5%) never walked again (p=1), 110 HA (50%) and 100 IF (45.5%) suffered worsening of previous walking ability (p=0.575), 98 HA (44%) and 108 IF patients (49%) returned to pre-fracture walking ability (p=0.339). Fixation with cannulated screws may be a better option for non-displaced femoral neck fractures because recovery of walking ability and complications are similar, while surgical aggression and in-hospital mortality are lower

The management of femoral bone loss is challenging during revision hip arthroplasty. In patients with Paprosky grade IIIB and IV defects, obtaining fixation and rotational stability using traditional surgical constructs is difficult. The use of a custom-made internal proximal femoral replacement prostheses has been proposed as a solution in patients, with severe femoral bone stock loss. However, there is a paucity in the literature on their use and long-term outcomes. We report on the clinical and radiological results of our cohort. We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent internal proximal femoral replacement for revision hip arthroplasty between April 1996 and April 2019. All patients had at least 2 years of follow-up time. 160 patients underwent limb salvage at our institution using internal proximal femoral replacement. The mean follow-up was 79.7 months (S.D 41.3). Indications for revision included periprosthetic fractures, aseptic loosening, and deep infection. The mean Oxford hip score increased from 13.8 (0–22) to 31.5 (18–43) (paired t-test, p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier prosthesis survival analysis with revision as the endpoint was 87% at 5 years. None required revision of the femoral stem. There were four dislocations (5%) and there was failure to eradicate the deep infection in four. This technique allows instant distal fixation, allowing for early mobilisation. Long-term clinical and radiological outcomes are encouraging and the complication rates are acceptable for this patient group

First-time revision acetabular components have a 36% re-revision rate at 10 years in Australia, with subsequent revisions known to have even worse results. Acetabular component migration >1mm at two years following revision THA is a surrogate for long term loosening. This study aimed to measure the migration of porous tantalum components used at revision surgery and investigate the effect of achieving press-fit and/or three-point fixation within acetabular bone. Between May 2011 and March 2018, 55 patients (56 hips; 30 female, 25 male) underwent acetabular revision THR with a porous tantalum component, with a post-operative CT scan to assess implant to host bone contact achieved and Radiostereometric Analysis (RSA) examinations on day 2, 3 months, 1 and 2 years. A porous tantalum component was used because the defects treated (Paprosky IIa:IIb:IIc:IIIa:IIIb; 2:6:8:22:18; 13 with pelvic discontinuity) were either deemed too large or in a position preventing screw fixation of an implant with low coefficient of friction. Press-fit and three-point fixation of the implant was assessed intra-operatively and on postoperative imaging. Three-point acetabular fixation was achieved in 51 hips (92%), 34 (62%) of which were press-fit. The mean implant to host bone contact achieved was 36% (range 9–71%). The majority (52/56, 93%) of components demonstrated acceptable early stability. Four components migrated >1mm proximally at two years (1.1, 3.2, 3.6 and 16.4mm). Three of these were in hips with Paprosky IIIB defects, including 2 with pelvic discontinuity. Neither press-fit nor three-point fixation was achieved for these three components and the cup to host bone contact achieved was low (30, 32 and 59%). The majority of porous tantalum components had acceptable stability at two years following revision surgery despite treating large acetabular defects and poor bone quality. Components without press-fit or three-point fixation were associated with unacceptable amounts of early migration

Aims. The aim of this study was to compare open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with revision surgery for the surgical management of Unified Classification System (UCS) type B periprosthetic femoral fractures around cemented polished taper-slip femoral components following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods. Data were collected for patients admitted to five UK centres. The primary outcome measure was the two-year reoperation rate. Secondary outcomes were time to surgery, transfusion requirements, critical care requirements, length of stay, two-year local complication rates, six-month systemic complication rates, and mortality rates. Comparisons were made by the form of treatment (ORIF vs revision) and UCS type (B1 vs B2/B3). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed with two-year reoperation for any reason as the endpoint. Results. A total of 317 periprosthetic fractures (in 317 patients) with a median follow-up of 3.6 years (interquartile range (IQR) 2.0 to 5.4) were included. The fractures were type B1 in 133 (42.0%), B2 in 170 (53.6%), and B3 in 14 patients (4.4%). ORIF was performed in 167 (52.7%) and revision in 150 patients (47.3%). The two-year reoperation rate (15.3% vs 7.2%; p = 0.021), time to surgery (4.0 days (IQR 2.0 to 7.0) vs 2.0 days (IQR 1.0 to 4.0); p < 0.001), transfusion requirements (55 patients (36.7%) vs 42 patients (25.1%); p = 0.026), critical care requirements (36 patients (24.0%) vs seven patients (4.2%); p < 0.001) and two-year local complication rates (26.7% vs 9.0%; p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the revision group. The two-year rate of survival was significantly higher for ORIF (91.9% (standard error (SE) 0.023%) vs 83.9% (SE 0.031%); p = 0.032) compared with revision. For B1 fractures, the two-year reoperation rate was significantly higher for revision compared with ORIF (29.4% vs 6.0%; p = 0.002) but this was similar for B2 and B3 fractures (9.8% vs 13.5%; p = 0.341). The most common indication for reoperation after revision was dislocation (12 patients; 8.0%). Conclusion. Revision surgery has higher reoperation rates, longer surgical waiting times, higher transfusion requirements, and higher critical care requirements than ORIF in the management of periprosthetic fractures around polished taper-slip femoral components after THA. ORIF is a safe option providing anatomical reconstruction is achievable. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(2):124–134

Aims. To achieve the functional benefits of the direct anterior (DA) approach and the fixation benefits of cemented replacement, this study combined the two techniques posing the following questions: does the limited access of the DA approach adversely affect the cement technique?; and does such a cementing technique reduce the incidence of cementless complications?. Methods. A consecutive series of 341 patients (360 hips) receiving the DA approach between 2016 and 2018 were reviewed. There were 203 cementless stems and 157 cemented stems. Mean age was 75 years (70 to 86) in the cementless group and 76 years (52 to 94) in the cemented group, with 239 (70%) females in the whole series. Femoral complications were compared between the two groups. Mean follow-up was 1.5 years (0.1 to 4.4) for patients in the cementless group and 1.3 years (0.0 to 3.9) for patients in the cemented group. Results. The cementless group had a higher rate of femoral complications (8 vs 0; p = 0.011). There were two loose stems and six fractures, all requiring revision. Fractures occurred a mean 14.5 days (2 to 31) postoperatively and loosening at 189 days and 422 days postoperatively. Femoral cementing can be done using the DA approach safely and reduces the number of complications compared with a contemporary cementless series. Conclusion. A higher rate of early fractures and loosening occurred with cementless stems. This was not observed in our cemented stem cohort and cementing was safely accomplished through the DA approach. The modern femoral cementing process with the DA approach does not add to surgical complexity or time, has fewer early complications, and is a safer option for older patients compared to cementless femoral arthroplasties. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7 Supple B):33–37

Objectives. The paradoxical migration of the femoral neck element (FNE) superomedially against gravity, with respect to the intramedullary component of the cephalomedullary device, is a poorly understood phenomenon increasingly seen in the management of pertrochanteric hip fractures with the intramedullary nail. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of bidirectional loading on the medial migration phenomenon, based on unique wear patterns seen on scanning electron microscopy of retrieved implants suggestive of FNE toggling. Methods. A total of 18 synthetic femurs (Sawbones, Vashon Island, Washington) with comminuted pertrochanteric fractures were divided into three groups (n = 6 per group). Fracture fixation was performed using the Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) implant (Synthes, Oberdorf, Switzerland; n = 6). Group 1 was subjected to unidirectional compression loading (600 N), with an elastomer (70A durometer) replacing loose fracture fragments to simulate surrounding soft-tissue tensioning. Group 2 was subjected to bidirectional loading (600 N compression loading, 120 N tensile loading), also with the elastomer replacing loose fracture fragments. Group 3 was subjected to bidirectional loading (600 N compression loading, 120 N tensile loading) without the elastomer. All constructs were tested at 2 Hz for 5000 cycles or until cut-out occurred. The medial migration distance (MMD) was recorded at the end of the testing cycles. Results. The MMDs for Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 1.02 mm, 6.27 mm, and 5.44 mm respectively, with reliable reproduction of medial migration seen in all groups. Bidirectional loading groups showed significantly higher MMDs compared with the unidirectional loading group (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Our results demonstrate significant contributions of bidirectional cyclic loading to the medial migration phenomenon in cephalomedullary nail fixation of pertrochanteric hip fractures. Cite this article: G. W. Law, Y. R. Wong, A. K-S. Yew, A. C. T. Choh, J. S. B. Koh, T. S. Howe. Medial migration in cephalomedullary nail fixation of pertrochanteric hip fractures: A biomechanical analysis using a novel bidirectional cyclic loading model. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:313–322. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.87.BJR-2018-0271.R1

Aims. Short, bone-conserving femoral components are increasingly used in total hip arthroplasty (THA). They are expected to allow tissue-conserving implantation and to render future revision surgery more straightforward but the long-term data on such components is limited. One such component is the global tissue-sparing (GTS) stem. Following the model for stepwise introduction of new orthopaedic implants, we evaluated early implant fixation and clinical outcome of this novel short-stem THA and compared it to that of a component with established good long-term clinical outcome. Methods. In total, 50 consecutive patients ≤ 70 years old with end-stage symptomatic osteo-arthritis were randomized to receive THA with the GTS stem or the conventional Taperloc stem using the anterior supine intermuscular approach by two experienced hip surgeons in two hospitals in the Netherlands. Primary outcome was implant migration. Patients were followed using routine clinical examination, patient reported outcome using Harris Hip Score (HHS), Hip Disability And Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ5D), and Roentgen Stereophotogrammetric Analysis (RSA) at three, six, 12, and 24 months. This study evaluated the two-year follow-up results. Results. In addition to the initial migration pattern of distal migration (subsidence, Y-translation) and retroversion (Y-rotation) also exhibited by the Taperloc stem, the GTS stem showed an initial migration pattern of varization (X-translation combined with Z-rotation) and posterior translation (Z-translation). However, all components stabilized aside from one Taperloc stem which became loose secondary to malposition and was later revised. Clinical outcomes and complications were not statistically significantly different with the numbers available. Conclusion. A substantially different and more extensive initial migration pattern was seen for the GTS stem compared to the Taperloc stem. Although implant stabilization was achieved, excellent long-term survival similar to that of the Taperloc stem should not be inferred. Especially in the absence of clinically proven relevant improvement, widespread usage should be postponed until long-term safety has been established. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(6):699–708

Aims. Cephalomedullary nails (CMNs) are commonly used for the treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) may be used as a salvage procedure when fixation fails in these patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the complications of THA following failed intertrochanteric hip fracture fixation using a CMN. Patients and Methods. Patients who underwent THA were identified from the 5% subset of Medicare Parts A/B between 2002 and 2015. A subgroup involving those with an intertrochanteric fracture that was treated using a CMN during the previous five years was identified and compared with the remaining patients who underwent THA. The length of stay (LOS) was compared using both univariate and multivariate analysis. The incidence of infection, dislocation, revision, and re-admission was compared between the two groups, using multivariate analysis adjusted for demographic, hospital, and clinical factors. Results. The Medicare data yielded 56 522 patients who underwent primary THA, of whom 369 had previously been treated with a CMN. The percentage of THAs that were undertaken between 2002 and 2005 in patients who had previously been treated with a CMN (0.346%) more than doubled between 2012 and 2015 (0.781%). The CMN group tended to be older and female, and to have a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index and lower socioeconomic status. The mean LOS was 1.5 days longer (5.3 vs 3.8) in the CMN group (p < 0.0001). The incidence of complications was significantly higher in the CMN group compared with the non-CMN group: infection (6.2% vs 2.6%), dislocation (8.1% vs 4.5%), revision (8.4% vs 4.3%), revision for infection (1.1% vs 0.37%), and revision for dislocation (2.2% vs 0.6%). Conclusion. The incidence of conversion to THA following failed intertrochanteric hip fracture fixation using a CMN continues to increase. This occurs in elderly patients with increased comorbidities. There is a significantly increased risk of infection, dislocation, and LOS in these patients. Patients with failed intertrochanteric hip fracture fixation using a CMN who require THA should be made aware of the increased risk of complications, and steps need to be taken to reduce this risk. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B(6 Supple B):91–96

Objectives. In order to address acetabular defects, porous metal revision acetabular components and augments have been developed, which require fixation to each other. The fixation technique that results in the smallest relative movement between the components, as well as its influence on the primary stability with the host bone, have not previously been determined. Methods. A total of 18 composite hemipelvises with a Paprosky IIB defect were implanted using a porous titanium 56 mm multihole acetabular component and 1 cm augment. Each acetabular component and augment was affixed to the bone using two screws, while the method of fixation between the acetabular component and augment varied for the three groups of six hemipelvises: group S, screw fixation only; group SC, screw plus cement fixation; group C, cement fixation only. The implanted hemipelvises were cyclically loaded to three different loading maxima (0.5 kN, 0.9 kN, and 1.8 kN). Results. Screw fixation alone resulted in up to three times more movement (p = 0.006), especially when load was increased to 100% (p < 0.001), than with the other two fixation methods (C and SC). No significant difference was noted when a screw was added to the cement fixation. Increased load resulted in increased relative movement between the interfaces in all fixation methods (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Cement fixation between a porous titanium acetabular component and augment is associated with less relative movement than screw fixation alone for all implant interfaces, particularly with increasing loads. Adding a screw to the cement fixation did not offer any significant advantage. These results also show that the stability of the tested acetabular component/augment interface affects the stability of the construct that is affixed to the bone. Cite this article: N. A. Beckmann, R. G. Bitsch, M. Gondan, M. Schonhoff, S. Jaeger. Comparison of the stability of three fixation techniques between porous metal acetabular components and augments. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:282–288. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.74.BJR-2017-0198.R1