Arthroplasty has been shown to generate the most waste among all orthopaedic subspecialties, and it is estimated that hip and knee arthroplasty generate in excess of three million kg of waste annually in the UK. Infectious waste generates up to ten times more CO2 compared with recycled waste, and previous studies have shown that over 90% of waste in the infectious stream is misallocated. We assessed the effect of real-time waste segregation by an unscrubbed team member on waste generation in knee and hip arthroplasty cases, and compared this with a simple educational intervention during the ‘team brief’ at the start of the operating list across two sites. Waste was categorized into five categories: infectious, general, recycling, sharps, and linens. Each category was weighed at the end of each case using a digital weighing scale. At Site A (a tertiary orthopaedic hospital), pre-intervention data were collected for 16 total knee arthroplasy (TKA) and 15 total hip arthroplasty (THA) cases. Subsequently, for ten TKA and ten THA cases, an unscrubbed team member actively segregated waste in real-time into the correct streams. At Site B (a district general hospital), both pre- and post-intervention groups included ten TKA and ten THA cases. The intervention included reminding staff during the ‘team brief’ to segregate waste correctly.Aims
Methods
There is increasing adoption of robotic surgical technology in Total Knee Arthroplasty - The ROSA® knee system can be used in either image-based mode (using pre-operative calibrated radiographs) or imageless modes (using intra-operative bony registration). The Mako knee system is an image-based system (using a pre-operative CT scan). This study aimed to compare surgical accuracy between the ROSA and Mako systems with specific reference to Joint Line Height, Patella Height and Posterior Condylar Offset. This was a retrospective review of a prospectively-maintained database of the initial 100 consecutive ROSA TKAs and the initial 50 consecutive Mako TKAs performed by two high volume surgeons. To determine the accuracy of component positioning, the immediate post-operative radiograph was reviewed and compared with the immediate pre-operative radiograph. Patella height was assessed using the Insall-Salvati ratio.Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
There is growing interest in the use of robotic Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) to improve accuracy of component positioning. This is the first study to investigate the radiological accuracy of implant component position using the ROSA® knee system with specific reference to Joint Line Height, Tibial Slope, Patella Height and Posterior Condylar Offset. As secondary aims we compared accuracy between image-based and imageless navigation, and between implant designs (Persona versus Vanguard TKA). This was a retrospective review of a prospectively-maintained database of the initial 100 consecutive TKAs performed by a high volume surgeon using the ROSA® knee system. To determine the accuracy of component positioning, the immediate post-operative radiograph was reviewed and compared with the immediate pre-operative radiograph with regards to Joint Line Height, Tibial Slope, Patella Height (using the Insall-Salvati ratio) and Posterior Condylar Offset.Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
The National Health Service produces over 500,000 tonnes of waste and 25 mega tonnes of CO2 annually. Operating room waste is segregated into different streams which are recycled, disposed of in landfill sites, or undergo costly and energy-intensive incineration processes. By assessing the quantity and recyclability of waste from primary hip and knee arthroplasty cases, we aim to identify strategies to reduce the carbon footprint of arthroplasty surgery. Data was collected prospectively at a tertiary orthopaedic hospital, in the theatres of six arthroplasty surgeons between April – July 2022. Fifteen primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and 16 primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) cases were included; revision and complex primary cases were excluded. Waste was categorised into non-hazardous waste, hazardous waste, recycling, sharps, and linens. Each waste category was weighed. Items disposed as non-hazardous waste were catalogued for a sample of 10 TKA and 10 THA cases. Recyclability of items was determined from packaging. Average total waste generated for THA and TKA were 14.46kg and 17.16kg respectively, with TKA generating significantly greater waste (p < 0.05). On average only 5.4% of waste was recycled in TKA and just 2.9% in THA cases. The mean recycled waste was significantly greater in TKA cases compared to THA, 0.93kg and 0.42kg respectively (p < 0.05). Hazardous waste represented the largest proportion of the waste streams for both TKA (69.2%) and THA (73.4%). On average TKA generated a significantly greater amount (11.87kg) compared to THA (10.61kg), p < 0.05. Non-hazardous waste made up 15.1% and 11.3% of total waste for TKA and THA respectively. In the non-hazardous waste, only two items (scrub brush packaging and sterile towel packaging) were identified as recyclable based on packaging. We estimate that annually total hip and knee arthroplasty generates over 2.7 million kg of waste in the UK. Through increased use of recyclable plastics for packaging, combined with clear labelling of items as recyclable, medical suppliers can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of arthroplasty. Our data highlight only a very small percentage of waste is recycled in total hip and knee arthroplasty cases.
Deep surgical site infection (SSI) remains an unsolved problem after hip fracture. Debridement, antibiotic, and implant retention (DAIR) has become a mainstream treatment in elective periprosthetic joint infection; however, evidence for DAIR after infected hip hemiarthroplaty is limited. Patients who underwent a hemiarthroplasty between March 2007 and August 2018 were reviewed. Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to identify and adjust for risk factors for SSI, and to identify factors predicting a successful DAIR at one year.Aims
Methods
The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges to healthcare systems across the globe in 2020. There were concerns surrounding early reports of increased mortality among patients undergoing emergency or non-urgent surgery. We report the morbidity and mortality in patients who underwent arthroplasty procedures during the UK first stage of the pandemic. Institutional review board approval was obtained for a review of prospectively collected data on consecutive patients who underwent arthroplasty procedures between March and May 2020 at a specialist orthopaedic centre in the UK. Data included diagnoses, comorbidities, BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, length of stay, and complications. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality and secondary outcomes were prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, medical and surgical complications, and readmission within 30 days of discharge. The data collated were compared with series from the preceding three months.Aims
Methods
Infection after surgery increases treatment costs and is associated with increased mortality. Hip fracture patients have historically had high rates of methicillin-resistant A total of 13,503 patients who presented with a hip fracture over 17 years formed the study population. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine risk factors for MRSA and SSI. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modelling adjusted for temporal trends in rates of MRSA. Kaplan-Meier estimators were generated to assess for changes in mortality.Aims
Methods
Data on the outcome of THA in patients under the age of 30 years is sparse. There is a perceived reluctance to offer surgery to young patients on the basis of potential early failure of the implant. We aim to review our experience with THA in this group of patients to establish outcomes in a high volume specialist arthroplasty unit. A retrospective review of prospectively collected data from the Lower Limb Arthroplasty Unit of patients who underwent THA <30 years of age between 1989–2009 was undertaken. Ninety five patients (117 THAs) were identified but 25 patients (27 hips) were excluded for lack of clinical records and 6 patients (9 hips) for follow up of <5 years. Clinical records were reviewed for patients’ age at operation, underlying pathology, details of operation and any failures (revision). Radiographs were reviewed for any evidence of loosening and wear of the components. Functional assessment was also carried out using the modified Hip disability & osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS), Oxford hip score and EQ5D–5L.Introduction
Material & methods
Wrist block has been used to provide pain relief
for many procedures on the hand and wrist but its role in arthroscopy
of the wrist remains unexplored. Chondrotoxicity has been a concern
with the intra-articular infiltration of local anaesthetic. We aimed
to evaluate and compare the analgesic effect of portal and wrist
joint infiltration with a wrist block on the pain experienced by
patients after arthroscopy of the wrist. A prospective, randomised, double-blind trial was designed and
patients undergoing arthroscopy of the wrist under general anaesthesia
as a day case were recruited for the study. Levo-bupivacaine was
used for both techniques. The effects were evaluated using a ten-point
visual analogue scale, and the use of analgesic agents was also
compared. The primary outcomes for statistical analyses were the
mean pain scores and the use of analgesia post-operatively. A total of 34 patients (63% females) were recruited to the portal
and joint infiltration group and 32 patients (59% males) to the
wrist block group. Mean age was 40.8 years in the first group and
39.7 years in the second group (p >
0.05). Both techniques provided
effective pain relief in the first hour and 24 hours post-operatively
but wrist block gave better pain scores at bedtime on the day of
surgery (p = 0.007) and at 24 hours post-operatively (p = 0.006). Wrist block provides better and more reliable analgesia in patients
undergoing arthroscopy of the wrist without exposing patients to
the risk of chondrotoxicity. Cite this article:
Growing evidence in the literature suggests better clinical and functional outcomes and lower re-rupture rates with repair compared to non-operative treatment of ruptured Achilles tendon. There are however, concerns of wound infection, nerve injury and scar tenderness with the standard open and percutaneous techniques of repair. We aim to evaluate clinical and functional outcomes and complications in patients treated with minimally invasive Achillon device. Prospectively collected clinical data was reviewed of all consecutive patients who underwent repair of the ruptured Achilles tendon using the Achillon device. Patients were contacted using a postal questionnaire for assessment of their functional status using the validated Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) and compared with their uninjured side. The outcomes were compared to the published results.Introduction
Materials and Methods
We conducted a prospective review of patients treated specifically for phalangeal fractures over a period of 6 months. Data was sourced from patient records, Emergency Dept records and theatre records. X-rays were reviewed by the senior authors using the AGFA IMPAX Web1000 v5.1 System. A total of 654 patients presented to our hospital during the study. Of these, 257 (39%) patients were referred to the plastics and hand surgical team on-call. Remaining 397 (61%) patients were seen and treated at the local accident and emergency. Our review identified a patient group of 75 out of 654 (11.5%) patients who required operation.
Mechanism of injury: Direct impact: n=60 (80%), Hyperextension n=11 (15%), Hyper-flexion injury n=4 (5%). Mode of injury: sports related, commonly rugby or football: 23 (31%) patients, crush injury 13 (17%), road traffic accident 10 (13%), punching either wall or a fellow human being in 10 (13%), fall 8 (11%), circular saw related injury in 8 (11%) The average patient age for a phalangeal fracture was 37.3 years. 47 (63%) patients were in the age group 20–40 years. The mean age for a phalangeal fracture in males was 35.9 (16–75) years and 42.2 (23–70) years in females. The gender distribution of these patients reveals that 58/75 (77%) patients were males. This indicates that males were at an increased relative risk of 3.4 for sustaining a hand fractures than females. The fractures were studied with respect to their complexity, digit(s) involved, phalanx and the site on the phalanx, pattern of fracture and finally the involvement of the MCP or the IP joints. Our study revealed that fifty-two (69%) of the fractures were closed while twenty-three (31%) were open. Injuries to the distal phalanges accounted for the most of the open fractures (15/23, 67%). The little finger and the ring finger were the common fingers to be involved. The fractures were treated with various standard techniques of operative fixation. Postoperatively patients were mobilised as soon as possible and fitted with a removable thermoplastic splint to allow daily active and passive exercises. Hand therapists followed unit protocol including at least one visit per week, with follow up for four to six weeks. Final review was undertaken by a clinician in a dedicated Hand clinic six weeks post fixation. Our work provides data on incidence and demographic distribution of phalangeal injuries presenting acutely to an NHS Trust covering a population area of 500,000. In our trust it is standard protocol for all such injuries to be reviewed by the Hand team to institute optimal hand therapy for patients. The study enabled us to develop a patient care pathway which will improve both patient and resource management