Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disorder associated with cartilage loss and is a leading cause of disability around the world. In old age, the capacity of cartilage to regenerate is diminished. With an aging population, the burden of OA is set to rise. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for OA. However, cell-based therapies derived from adipose tissue are promising. A PRISMA systematic review was conducted employing four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science) to identify all clinical studies that utilized adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) or stromal vascular fraction (SVF) for the treatment of knee OA. Eighteen studies were included, which met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were conducted on fourteen of these studies, which all documented WOMAC scores after the administration of AMSCs. Pooled analysis revealed that cell-based treatments definitively improve WOMAC scores, post treatment. These improvements increased with time. The studies in this meta-analysis have established the safety and efficacy of both AMSC therapy and SVF therapy for knee OA in old adults and show that they reduce pain and improve knee function in symptomatic knee OA suggesting that they may be effective therapies to improve mobility in an aging population.Abstract
Articular cartilage damaged through trauma or disease has a limited ability to repair. Untreated, these focal lesions progress to generalized changes including osteoarthritis. Musculoskeletal disorders including osteoarthritis are the most significant contributor to disability globally. There is increasing interest in the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of focal chondral lesions. There is some evidence to suggest that the tissue type from which MSCs are harvested play a role in determining their ability to regenerate cartilage We carried out a systematic literature review on the effectiveness of synovium-derived MSCs (sMSCs) in cartilage regeneration in Abstract
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SOX genes comprise a family of transcription factors characterised by a conserved HMG-box domain that confer pleiotropic effects on cell fate and differentiation through binding to the minor groove of DNA. Paracrine regulation and contact-dependant Notch signalling has been suggested to modulate the induction of SOX gene expression. The objective of this study is to investigate the crosstalk between mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes by comparing SOX gene expression in their co-culture and respective monocultures. Our study adopted an Abstract
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes have both been crucial in trials for cartilage repair, and there has been growing interest into their respective secretomes owing to their role in chondrogenic crosstalk. This has been studied by Our study utilised an Abstract
Objective
Methods
SOX genes comprise a family of transcription factors characterised by a conserved HMG-box domain that confer pleiotropic effects on cell fate and differentiation through binding to the minor groove of DNA. Paracrine regulation and contact-dependant Notch signalling has been suggested to modulate the induction of SOX gene expression. The objective of this study is to investigate the crosstalk between and preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with chondrocytes through comparing SOX gene expression in their co-culture and respective monocultures. Our study adopted an AMSC phenotype was evidenced by the expression of CD105, CD73, CD90 & heterogenous CD34 but not CD45, CD14, CD19 & HLA-DR in flow cytometry, and also differentiation into chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic lineages with positive Alcian blue, Alizarin Red and Oil Red O staining. The expression of SOX5, SOX6, and SOX9 were greater in observed co-cultures than would be expected from an expression profile modelled from monocultures. The findings provides evidence for the upregulation of SOX family transcription factors expression during the co-culture of MSCs and chondrocytes, suggesting an active induction of chondrogenic differentiation and change of cell fate amidst a microenvironment that facilitates cell-contact and paracrine secretion. This provides insight into the chondrogenic potential and therapeutic effects of MSCs preconditioned by the chondrocyte secretome (or potentially chondrocytes reinvigorated by the MSC secretome), and ultimately, cartilage repair.