This is a review of the literature detailing the causes, presentation and appropriate investigations of patients with suprascapular nerve compression. The choices of treatment are discussed in the context of the pathology found. The recommended surgical procedures are described. Suprascapular nerve compression is an uncommon cause of persisting and diffuse shoulder pain that arises from direct trauma to the shoulder or as a result of repetitive, overhead manoeuvres producing a traction type injury.

The presence of tenderness over the suprascapular notch, weakness in external rotation and especially the presence of infraspinatus or supraspinatus atrophy (either separately or in combination) with positive nerve conduction studies confirm the diagnosis of suprascapular nerve entrapment. MRI is recommended for identification of a cause of the nerve compression. Fibrous transverse ligaments have been seen causing stenosis and entrapment at the suprascapular and spinoglenoid notch. A variety of space-occupying lesions can be found in the notches including supraglenoid ganglia and tumours.

Initial conservative management of the shoulder is recommended when the neuropathy results from repetitive activity in the absence of a space-occupying lesion. Early decompression of the nerve using arthroscopic debridement of the labrum and open release of the ligaments at the suprascapular and spinoglenoid notch is advocated in the presence of a ganglion cyst.