Objective

To identify risk factors for surgical site infections and to quantify the contribution of independent risk factors to the probability of developing infection after definitive fixation of tibial plateau fractures.

Objective

The development of surgical site infection in the early weeks following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is a challenging problem. There are no evidence-based guidelines to direct the number of surgical debridements prior to definitive wound closure. The purpose of this study was to assess the success of infection resolution, and to identify risk factors for failure, in post-operative infections treated with a single debridement and primary wound closure.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the presence of femur fracture on mortality, pulmonary complications, and ARDS in trauma patients. In addition, we aim to compare the effects of other major musculoskeletal injuries to femur fractures on these outcomes.

Method: We retrospectively reviewed the trauma registry of two tertiary level trauma centers for a period of 12 years (1995–2007). We evaluated data points on all patients: gender, age, AIS scores, GCS, SBP, and ICD-9 codes for femur fractures and other major orthopaedic injuries. Outcome measures were death in hospital and occurrence of a pulmonary complication (Adult respiratory distress syndrome, fat embolism syndrome, pneumonia and respiratory failure) and ARDS as a sub-group. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of these variables and the presence of femur fracture on the three outcomes (death, pulmonary complications, and ARDS). The effect of other major orthopaedic injuries in these models was also compared to the effect of femur fractures.

Results: There were 83, 349 patients, with 3, 433 deaths, evaluated in the initial regression models. Gender, GCS < 8, age> 60, blood pressure < 90, 4 AIS scores and femur fracture were all independent predictors of mortality. The strongest predictors of mortality were GCS < 8 (OR 16.976, 95% CI 15.176–18.990) and SBP < 90 (OR 6.835, 95% CI 6.046– 7.726). Femur fracture was an independent predictor of mortality (OR 1.480 95% CI 1.135 – 1.929). The presence of femur fracture was not a statistically significant independent predictor of pulmonary complication (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.911–1.766) while gender, GCS, and 5 of 6 AIS scores were. Other musculoskeletal injuries were significant predictors, including pelvic ring fractures and spinal fractures. In the ARDS regression model, femur fractures were not an independent predictor (OR 1.127, 95% 0.636–1.999).

Conclusion: The risk of mortality and pulmonary complications is multifactorial; most affected by age, GCS at presentation, SBP at presentation, gender and injury severity. In this study, the presence of a femur fracture does independently increase the risk of death, but not ARDS or other pulmonary complications. There are other musculoskeletal injuries that have a greater effect on mortality and pulmonary complications.