Assess union rate, complications, and outcomes of large series of contemporary extended trochanteric osteotomies (ETOs) performed during revision THAs.

From 2003 to 2013, 612 ETOs were performed during revision THAs using 2 techniques. 367 were Paprosky type and 245 were Wagner type. Indications were aseptic loosening (65%), periprosthetic joint infection (18%), periprosthetic fracture (6%), femoral implant fracture (5%), and other (6%). Mean age 69 years, 58% male. Median follow-up 5 years (range, 2.1 to 13 years).

Mean Harris Hip Scores increased from 57 preoperatively to 77 at latest follow-up (p=0.0001). Radiographic union of the extended osteotomy occurred in 98%. There were 9 ETO nonunions. Mean time to union of the distal transverse osteotomy was 5.9 months (range, 1 month − 2 years). Mean trochanteric osteotomy fragment migration prior to union was 3 mm (range, 0–29 mm). Over 1 cm of migration occurred in 7.4%. Intraoperative fracture of the ETO diaphyseal fragment occurred in 4%, and postoperative greater trochanter fractures in 8.8%. Other complications: dislocation in 5.7% and infection in 3.4%. Dislocation occurred in 19 of 462 with ETO migration < 1 cm and 4 of 39 with ETO migration ≥1 cm (p=0.08). Ten year survivorship free of revision for aseptic femoral loosening, free of any component removal or revision, and free of reoperation were 97%, 91%, and 82%, respectively.

The union rate after ETO was high and notable trochanteric migration was infrequent. The most common complication was fracture intraoperatively or postoperatively of the osteotomy fragment.

Aims

Loss or absence of proximal femoral bone in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains a significant challenge. While the main indication for the use of proximal femoral replacements (PFRs) is in the treatment of malignant disease, they have a valuable role in revision THA for loosening, fracture and infection in patients with bone loss. Our aim was to determine the clinical outcomes, implant survivorship, and complications of PFRs used in revision THA for indications other than malignancy.

Introduction

There is a challenge to detect partial tear of the ACL, the number of bundle injured and the proportion of fibers torn. The MRI was shown efficient to individualize the two anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) bundles of the ACL. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of the MRI to detect partial tears of the ACL on axial views to display the AM and PL bundles.

Purpose of the study: Anteversion of the cup during total hip arthroplasty (THA) is crucial for preventing the risk of dislocation. Interest has recently focused on an anatomic element often observed in the operative field during hip surgery: the transverse acetabular ligament (TAL). The TAL has become a landmark both for conventional procedures (Beverland) and for computed-assisted surgery. The purpose of this original research was to study the anteversion of the TAL in relation to the anterior pelvic plane in order to determine whether it could be a valid landmark for positioning the cup using the Lewinnek criteria (35±20° anteversion according to the Murray definition).

Material and methods: Eight laboratory cadavers (three male, five female, mean age 82±3.3 years) were dissected; the pelvis was removed. Fifteen fresh healthy hips (free of trauma or degenerative disease) were also used for the study. The orientation of the peri-acetabular structures was measured with the probe of the BrainLab^® navigation system and the Motion Analysis^® system (Santa Rosa. CA) at the laboratory of biomechanics and biomechanical shocks (INRETS, Bron). The Lewinnek reference plane (anterior pelvic plane) was defined from the anterosuperior iliac spines and the pubic tubercles.

Results: The anatomic version of the TAL varied from −8 to +13.3 (mean 1.9); the anatomic version of the horns of the semilunate surface from −12.2 to +14 (mean 3); for the labrum the figures were +17.4 to +41.8 (mean 26.63). Anteversion of the TAL and the horns were well correlated (r=0.8) significantly (p=0.001).

Discussion: There is no other study concerning the anatomic orientation of the TAL, the horns and the labrum. Archbold was the first to consider the TAL (1000 cases, posterolateral access, 28 mm head) as a reliable constant landmark for positioning the cup (0.6% dislocation). In our study, the anatomic version of the TAL was found outside the safety zone of Lewinnek. This is a supplementary argument for questioning the reliability of the Lewinnek criteria based solely on nine cases of dislocation and criticised by several authors (non-specific for each patient).

Conclusion: Anteversion of the labrum is situated within this safety zone. The TAL does not position the cup in the Lewinnek safety zone, which remains controversial.

Background: The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the primary stabilizer of the patellofemoral joint. Its reconstruction has been recommended in adults over the past decade after recurrent patellar instability. The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes after MPFL reconstruction in children and adolescent and to prospectively evaluate reconstruction by computed tomography (CT scans) before and after surgery.

Materials and Methods: Thirteen consecutive patients (5 boys and 8 girls)(13 knees) underwent a double bundle MPFL reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft (gracilis:6, semitendinosus: 7) for patellar instability. A bone femoral fixation with interference screw in a tunnel was associated with patellar fixation according to Fithian in mature knees, and a soft tissue procedure was performed in skeletally immature knees. In 5 knees the MPFL reconstruction was isolated while it was associated with medialization and distalization of the tibial tubercle in 8 knees. The mean age at time of surgery was 14.4 years (range, 9.6– 16.5). Patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively by physical, radiological and CT Scans examination and subjectively with the IKDC and Kujala questionnaires. During CT scans with knee fully extended and the quadriceps contracted or relaxed, the patellar tilt angle was assessed. In cases where tibial tubercle was mobilized, the tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance was measured pre and postoperatively.

Results: No recurrent episodes of dislocation or sub-luxation were reported after 10.5 months (range, 3–23) follow-up after surgery. Mean Kujala score was of 90.2 (range, 84–99) at latest follow-up. For all patients the moving patellar apprehension test was positive before and negative after surgery. A firm end point to lateral patellar translation was noticed in all patients at latest follow-up. Objective assessment with CT noted that the patellar tilt on relaxed quadriceps was significantly improved from 28° preoperatively (range, 16–41) to 16° at follow-up (range, 7–32). The patellar tilt on contracted quadriceps was significantly improved from 35° preoperatively (range, 21–52) to 24.6° at follow-up (range, 11–48). In the specific subgroup, the TT-TG distance decreased preoperatively from 15.4 mm (range, 12–19) to 9 mm postoperatively (range, 2.9–14.8).

Conclusion: MPFL reconstruction in children and adolescent is an effective procedure. The patellar tilt was efficiently improved by MPFL reconstruction and these results were correlated with Kujala score. Mid and long term results are still to be evaluated.

Introduction: Autologous chondrocyte implantation was introduced in 1994 by Brittberg and Peterson for the treatment of large full-thickness focal chondral defects. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the mid-term results of this technique in a group of patients with post-traumatic chondral defects of the knee.

Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients underwent autologous chondrocyte implantation between 2001 and 2006 and were prospectively assessed preoperatively, at 3, 6, 9, 12 months, 3.5 years and last follow-up with use of standard rating scales (IKDC subjective score, pain Visual Analogic Scale (VAS), Brittberg and Peterson’s score). The inclusion’s criteria were: pain VAS more than 40/100, age between 18 and 50 years, focal chondral defect in weight bearing area grade 3 or 4 and informed and signed consent. Patients with varus or valgus deformities with malalignement more than 5 degrees, knee instabilities and signs of arthritis on radiographs were excluded. The same experienced surgeon performed all the procedures.

Results: Fourteen patients were reviewed at the latest follow-up. The mean age of the patients at the time of autologous chondrocyte transplantation was 37.7 years (range, 30 to 45). The mean duration of symptoms was 2.9 years (0.5 to 7). Nine patients (83%) had previous operations on the index knee. The defect was located on the medial femoral condyle in 11 patients and on the lateral femoral condyle in 3. The mean lesion size was 1.80 cm² (range, 1.5 to 3.5 cm²) after débridement. After a mean duration of follow-up of 6 years (3.3–7.8), 84% of the patients had improvement on a patient self-assessment questionnaire. The IKDC subjective score and Brittberg-Peterson’s score were all improved. The mean IKDC subjective score increased from 40 (27.6–65.5) preoperatively to 60.2 (35.6–89.6) at the latest evaluation. The mean pain VAS decreased from 66.3 (44–89) to 23.2 (0–77). The Brittberg and Peterson’s score decreased from 54.4 (11.8–98.2) to 32.9 (0–83.9). Two patients (16.7%) felt no improvement by the chondrocyte transplantation at the last follow-up. Two complications occurred: graft periosteum hypertrophy treated by débridement and a pulmonary embolus.

Discussion: Our results are similar than those reported in the literature. These outcomes are encouraging and need further follow-up to confirm the long-term efficacy of autologous chondrocyte implantation.