1. Idiopathic scoliosis is a familial condition.

2. The findings suggest either dominant or multiple gene inheritance, but a larger series is needed before a firm conclusion can be drawn.

3. The infantile and adolescent types of scoliosis seem to share the same basic etiology, because their families contain instances of each.

4. Infants with resolving scoliosis have affected relatives in the same proportions as in the main group, suggesting this is a mild form of the same disorder.

5. In this series all infants seen with scoliosis under one year of age had plagiocephaly, which was usually transient.

6. Mental defect and epilepsy are the commonest findings associated with scoliosis.

7. In adolescent scoliosis the age of the mother is significantly raised by comparison with the expected figure for the normal population.

1. A long-term follow-up of eighty-four patients with talipes equinovarus is reported.

2. A detailed examination was made to ascertain the nature of the residual deformity and assess the function of the deformed foot.

3. Radiographic technique in infants and adults is described.

4. Results showed that: 1) In many cases there was a dysplasia of the whole limb. 2) The dysplasia was no more marked in the patients treated in the early 1930's by multiple forceful under anaesthetic, than in the more recent patients treated by gentler means. 3) Nearly half the cases had only a false correction of the deformity in that the foot was "broken" at the talo-navicular level, leaving the heel in inversion, although the forefoot was plantigrade.

5. The posture of patients with laterally rotated hip joints is related to the fixed inverted heel.

6. Clinical assessment correlated with radiographic appearances shows clearly the near impossibility of a good foot resulting from a false correction.

1. The family history of, and associated congenital abnormalities in, patients with talipes equinovarus, talipes calcaneo-valgus and metatarsus varus living in Devonshire has been studied.

2. The chances of any individual having one of these deformities is approximately one per 1,000 in each case.

3. If one child in a family has the deformity, the chances of a second having it are one in thirty-five for talipes equinovarus and one in twenty for talipes calcaneo-valgus and metatarsus varus.

4. The male relatives of the female patients with talipes equinovarus are at particular risk.

5. It is suggested that the cause of club foot is partly genetic and partly environmental, from a factor acting on the foetus in the uterus.

6. The classification of associated congenital abnormalities leads to the suggestion that the genetic factor in talipes equinovarus and talipes calcaneo-valgus relates to defective formation of connective tissue.