Tuberculosis (TB) remains endemic in many parts
of the developing world and is increasingly seen in the developed world
due to migration. A total of 1.3 million people die annually from
the disease. Spinal TB is the most common musculoskeletal manifestation,
affecting about 1 to 2% of all cases of TB. The coexistence of HIV,
which is endemic in some regions, adds to the burden and the complexity
of management. This review discusses the epidemiology, clinical presentation,
diagnosis, impact of HIV and both the medical and surgical options
in the management of spinal TB. Cite this article:
Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) surgery is complex and attracts a wide variety of complications. The literature lacks consistency in reporting adverse events and complications. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive analysis of each of these complications from a literature review, and to compare them with rates from our Unit, to aid clinicians with the process of informed consent. A total of 278 consecutive total ankle arthroplasties (251 patients), performed by four surgeons over a six-year period in Wrightington Hospital (Wigan, United Kingdom) were prospectively reviewed. There were 143 men and 108 women with a mean age of 64 years (41 to 86). The data were recorded on each follow-up visit. Any complications either during initial hospital stay or subsequently reported on follow-ups were recorded, investigated, monitored, and treated as warranted. Literature search included the studies reporting the outcomes and complications of TAA implants.Aims
Patients and Methods
The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive understanding of alterations in messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in cartilage affected by osteoarthritis (OA). The expression profiles of mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in OA cartilage were assessed using whole-transcriptome sequencing. Bioinformatics analyses included prediction and reannotation of novel lncRNAs and circRNAs, their classification, and their placement into subgroups. Gene ontology and pathway analysis were performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs), and differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs). We focused on the overlap of DEGs and targets of DELs previously identified in seven high-throughput studies. The top ten DELs were verified by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in articular chondrocytes, both Objectives
Methods
The aim of this study was to establish the incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) diagnosed after one-year of age in England, stratified by age, gender, year, and region of diagnosis. A descriptive observational study was performed by linking primary and secondary care information from two independent national databases of routinely collected data: the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics. The study examined all children from 1 January 1990 to 1 January 2016 who had a new first diagnostic code for DDH aged between one and eight years old.Aims
Patients and Methods
Meniscal injuries are often associated with an active lifestyle. The damage of meniscal tissue puts young patients at higher risk of undergoing meniscal surgery and, therefore, at higher risk of osteoarthritis. In this study, we undertook proof-of-concept research to develop a cellularized human meniscus by using 3D bioprinting technology. A 3D model of bioengineered medial meniscus tissue was created, based on MRI scans of a human volunteer. The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data from these MRI scans were processed using dedicated software, in order to obtain an STL model of the structure. The chosen 3D Discovery printing tool was a microvalve-based inkjet printhead. Primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from bone marrow and embedded in a collagen-based bio-ink before printing. LIVE/DEAD assay was performed on realized cell-laden constructs carrying MSCs in order to evaluate cell distribution and viability.Objectives
Methods
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of developmental spinal stenosis (DSS) on the risk of re-operation at an adjacent level. This was a retrospective study of 235 consecutive patients who had undergone decompression-only surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis and had a minimum five-year follow-up. There were 106 female patients (45.1%) and 129 male patients (54.9%), with a mean age at surgery of 66.8 years (Aims
Patients and Methods
Nerve transfer has become a common and often effective reconstructive strategy for proximal and complex peripheral nerve injuries of the upper limb. This case-based discussion explores the principles and potential benefits of nerve transfer surgery and offers in-depth discussion of several established and valuable techniques including: motor transfer for elbow flexion after musculocutaneous nerve injury, deltoid reanimation for axillary nerve palsy, intrinsic re-innervation following proximal ulnar nerve repair, and critical sensory recovery despite non-reconstructable median nerve lesions.Abstract
We performed a meta-analysis investigating the association between preoperative psychological distress and postoperative pain and function after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Pubmed/Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane library were searched for studies on the influence of preoperative psychological distress on postoperative pain and physical function after TKA. Two blinded reviewers screened for eligibility and assessed the risk of bias and the quality of evidence. We used random effects models to pool data for the meta-analysis.Aims
Materials and Methods
The aim of this study was to analyse a group of patients with
non-metastatic Ewing’s sarcoma at presentation and identify prognostic
factors affecting the development of local recurrence, in order
to assess the role of radiotherapy. A retrospective review of all patients with a Ewing’s sarcoma
treated between 1980 and 2012 was carried out. Only those treated
with chemotherapy followed by surgery and/or radiotherapy were included.
Patients were grouped according to site (central or limb) for further
analysis of the prognostic factors.Aims
Patients and Methods
The aim of the study was to analyze the results of primary tendon
reinsertion in acute and chronic distal triceps tendon ruptures
(DTTRs) in the general population. A total of 28 patients were operated on for primary DTTR reinsertions,
including 21 male patients and seven female patients with a mean
age of 45 years (14 to 76). Of these patients, 23 sustained an acute
DTTR and five had a chronic injury. One patient had a non-simultaneous
bilateral DTTR. Seven patients had DTTR-associated ipsilateral fracture
or dislocation. Comorbidities were present in four patients. Surgical
treatment included transosseous and suture-anchors reinsertion in
22 and seven DTTRs, respectively. The clinical evaluation was performed
using Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), the modified American
Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score (m-ASES), the Quick Disabilities
of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score (QuickDASH), and the Medical
Research Council (MRC) Scale.Aims
Patients and Methods
The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of knee arthroplasty and arthroscopy following patellar fractures, and to compare this with an age- and gender-matched group without a prior patellar fracture. A national matched cohort study based on the Danish National Patient Register including all citizens of Denmark (approximately 5.3 million) was undertaken. A total of 6096 patients who sustained a patellar fracture in Denmark between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 2000 were included. The median age of these patients was 50.6 years (interquartile range (IQR) 28.5 to 68.9); 49.1% were women. Patients were followed-up until 31 December 2015, with regard to treatment with knee arthroplasty and/or knee arthroscopy.Aims
Patients and Methods
