Purpose of the study: Proximal replantation is a technically feasible but life-threatening procedure. Indications must be restricted to patients in good condition with a good functional prognosis. The goal of replantation must be focused not only on reimplanting the amputated limb but also on achieving a good functional outcome. For the lower limb, simple terminalization remains the best choice in many cases. When a proximal amputation is not suitable for replantation, the main aim of the surgical procedure must be to reconstruct a stump long enough to permit fitting a prosthesis preserving the function of the adjacent joint. If the proximal stump beyond the last joint is very short, it may be possible to restore some length by partial replantation of spared tissues from the amputated part. We present here the results we obtained following this policy. Materials and methods: This series included 16 cases of partial replantations, 14 involving the lower limb and 2 the upper limb. All were osteocutaneous microsurgical transfers. For the lower limb, all transfers recovered protective sensitivity following tibial nerve repair. The functional calcaeoplantar unit was used in 13 cases. The transfer of this specialized weight bearing tissue provided a stable distal surface making higher support unnecessary. In one case, we raised a 13-cm vascularized tibial segment covered with foot skin for additional length. For the upper limb, the osteocutaneous transfer, based on the radial artery, was not reinnervated, but this lack of sensitivity did not impair prosthesis fitting. Results: One vascular failure was finally amputated. This was the only unsuccessful result. For all other patients, the surgical procedure facilitated prosthesis fitting and preserved the proximal joint function despite an initially very proximal amputation. Discussion: The advantages of partial replantation are obvious compared with simple terminalization or secondary reconstruction. There is no secondary donor site and, because there is no major muscle mass in the distal fragment, the overall risk is very low compared with the risk of total proximal leg replantation

Modern microsurgery has allowed severed digits to be salvaged by replantation. A retrospective case review was undertaken of all patients undergoing digital replantation at Middlemore Hospital between February 2004 and February 2009. 48 digits from 28 patients underwent digital replantation during this period. The aim of the analysis was to determine what factors were predictive for survival of the replants. Secondary outcomes of interest included subjective functional recovery, pain and further procedures. Digital replantation over the review period was subject to a 75% survival rate. Smoking and male gender were identified as significant negative prognostic factors (p=0.02). 69% of patients reported post operative stiffness, chronic pain or cold intolerance. The majority of replanted digits underwent secondary procedures. Patients should be counseled prior to digital replantation that while the procedure is subject to a high rate of digit survival, they should expect stiffness and discomfort and are likely to undergo secondary procedures

From January 2000 to March 2004 16 thumbs after total avulsion-amputation were replanted in our hospitals. In 15 cases this was successful. In one case the thumb was lost 28 hours after replantation. Mostly the amputation was in the region of the first phalanx or the IP-joint of the thumb. In all cases our operative procedure for this form of amputation was the reconstruction of the vessels with vein grafts after the osteosynthesis and the reconstruction of the tendons. The donorsite region for the grafts was in 12 cases the dorsal forefoot and in 4 cases the distal forearm. In none of these cases there was the possibility of reconstructing both arteries. Mostly only an anastomosis for one artery and one vein could be done. For none of these patients it was possible to reconstruct the nerves primarily. Until now transphers of neurovascular skinislands of longfingers, free nerve transplantations with coaptations to the proximal stump of the injured nerve, free nerve transplantations with coaptations to the trunk of the median nerve or in one case an end-to-side coaptation have been performed to achieve a resensibility of the thumbs. In one case a patient rejected an operative nervereconstruction, because a sprouting of the proximal stump of the injured nerve lead to a (reduced) sensibility of the thumb. In 4 cases a therapy to achieve a resensibility has so far not been carried out. After replantations of injured thumbs necroses of the skin in different kinds were noticed. In 4 cases secondary skinreconstructions were necessary. All 15 successful replanted thumbs achieved very good results concerning function, strength and patient’s satisfaction. Our results don’t agree with the mostly bad results after total avulsionamputations mentioned in literature. We think that the replantation after total avulsionamputation of the thumb has a high chance of being successful and can achieve very good longtime results

The December 2023 Wrist & Hand Roundup. 360. looks at: Volar locking plate for distal radius fractures with patient-reported outcomes in older adults; Total joint replacement or trapeziectomy?; Replantation better than revision amputation in traumatic amputation?; What factors are associated with revision cubital tunnel release within three years?; Use of nerve conduction studies in carpal tunnel syndrome; Surgical site infection following surgery for hand trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis; Association between radiological and clinical outcomes following distal radial fractures; Reducing the carbon footprint in carpal tunnel surgery inside the operating room with a lean and green model: a comparative study

The fingertips are important for not only the function of the hand but also cosmetic reasons. In distal phalanx, arteries especially in zone …Ÿ are less than 0.5 mm in diameter however they can be anastomosed ultramicro-surgically with 11-0 suture. From 1976 to 1999, I have replanted 463 digits in 337 male and 126 female patients whose ages ranged from 4 months to 80 years, with an average of 32.7 years. There were 312 digits with complete amputation, 151 digits of incomplete amputation, 277 digits with trauma in zone …Ÿ and 186 digits in zone … in which more than six months had passed since the replantation. The results in zone … amputations was better then in cases of amputations in zone …Ÿ because anastomoses of arteries and viens are more relibale in zone … amputation. I analyzed the results of zone …Ÿ amputation according to types of injury. The survival rate was 100% in clean-cut amputation, 91.7% in blunt-cut, 66.1% in crush and 67.5% in avulsion. So in cases of crush or avulsion amputation in zone …Ÿ, there is relative indication for replantation. As for postoperative functional recovery, 95% of the survival fingers are in good daily use, or in some use. Compared with stump plasty, our results of survival fingers are far superior functionally and cosmetically. From a survival rate and functinal point of view, replnatation is definitely indicated in cases of zone …Ÿ amputations by clean-cut or blunt-cut and zone … amputations if technically possible

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study were to present a new surgical classification, based on types of injuries, and to evaluate significance of our post-operative protocol for fingertip replantation, especially crush-avulsion cases. METHODS:Twenty fingertip amputations in 20 consecutive patients were replanted at our institute for recent 5 years. There were 17 male patients and 3 female patients, ranging in age from 19 to 62 years(mean,45.3years). All cases were classified as crush and avulsion according to Yamano. There were 13 amputations in Zone I and 7 in Zone II according to Tamai’s classification for the level of amputation. Also, we classified our cases based on the type of injury. [New Classification] Type IA: Distal transverse palm arterial arch (DTPA) is remained in the proximal part Type IB: DTPA is remained in the amputated part Type II : Loss of DTPA There were 4 cases in Type IA, 4 in Type IB, and 12 in Type II. Postoperatively, 12000–24000U of urokinase and 500 ml of low molecular-weight dextran were given intravenously for 7 consecutive days. In very severe crush/avulsion cases, 10000–15000 U of heparin were given intravenously for 5 days additionally. RESULTS: The overall survival rate of the 20 replantations was 90.0% (zone I:83.3%, Zone II:100%). The survival rate was 100% in type IA, 100% in type IB, and 83.3% in type II. For arterial repair, vein grafts were necessary in 1 of 4 type IA(25%), 1 of 4 type IB(25%), and 11 of 12 type II(91.7%). In 3 of 4 type IA, end to end anastomosis were possible by the technique of transpositioning DTPA. In 3 of 4 type IB, proper digital artery was anastomosed to central artery of the pulp. Regarding functional outcomes with a follow-up period greater than 6mons, excellent cases were 87.0% (according to Tamai’s functional classification). The mean range of motion of the distal interphalangeal joint was 40 degrees. All patients achieved protective sensation of replanted fingertips. Other complications were cold intolerance(22.2%), nail deformity(66.6%), and pulp atrophy (33.3%). Blood transfusions were not necessary in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our new classification of fingertip amputation based on DTPA was available for strategy of arterial repair, because if DTPA is lost, most cases (91.7%) need vein grafts. Also, in crush/avulsion fingertip amputation, our clinical protocol was very useful and raised success rate of fingertip replantation (90.0%) for crush-avulsion cases

A successful replantation is reported of a hand completely severed by a circular saw through all five metacarpals. The sequence of primary reconstruction of all important structures beginning three hours after the injury and the functional results eighteen months later are presented

The June 2024 Wrist & Hand Roundup. 360. looks at: One-year outcomes of the anatomical front and back reconstruction for scapholunate dissociation; Limited intercarpal fusion versus proximal row carpectomy in the treatment of SLAC or SNAC wrist: results after 3.5 years; Prognostic factors for clinical outcomes after arthroscopic treatment of traumatic central tears of the triangular fibrocartilage complex; The rate of nonunion in the MRI-detected occult scaphoid fracture: a multicentre cohort study; Does correction of carpal malalignment influence the union rate of scaphoid nonunion surgery?; Provision of a home-based video-assisted therapy programme in thumb carpometacarpal arthroplasty; Is replantation associated with better hand function after traumatic hand amputation than after revision amputation?; Diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence for detection of scaphoid and distal radius fractures: a systematic review

The June 2024 Oncology Roundup. 360. looks at: Chondrosarcoma of the femur: is local recurrence influenced by the presence of an extraosseous component?; Diagnostic challenges in low-grade central osteosarcoma; Single osteotomy technique for frozen autograft (pedicled freezing) in patients with malignant bone tumours; Unplanned resection for small superficial soft-tissue sarcomas: disastrous or simply bad?; Inactivation and replantation of the knee joint: an infeasible surgical method; Active surveillance of diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumours: a retrospective, multicentre cohort study

Aim. Due to medical and organizational factors, it occurs in everyday practice that spacers are left in place longer than originally planned during a two-stage prosthesis exchange in the case of prosthetic joint infections. Patients are severely restricted in their mobility and, after initial antibiotic administration, the spacer itself only acts as a foreign body. The aim of this study is to analyze whether the duration of the spacer in situ has an influence on the long-term success of treatment and mortality. Method. We retrospectively studied all 204 two-stage prosthesis replacements of the hip and knee from 2012 to 2016 with a minimum follow-up of two years at an arthroplasty center with 3 main surgeons. The duration of the spacer interval was divided into two groups. Patients replanted within ten weeks (as is standard in multiple algorithms) after systemic antibiotic treatment were assigned to the ‘Regular Spacer Interval (< 70 days)’ group. If the spacer interval was longer, they were assigned to the ‘Long Spacer Interval (≥ 70 days)’ group. Results. Patients were on average 67.69 years old (SD 12.3). The mean duration of the spacer-interval was 100.9 days (range: 423.0; SD, 60.0). In 62 patients reimplantation could be performed within 70 days after explantation, in 142 patients this took longer (max. 438 days). In 26 patients, the spacer had to be changed at least once during this period (11 patients in the hip group, and 15 patients in the knee group). In the remaining cases, other medical or organizational reasons delayed replantation. Both groups were comparable concerning Charlson Comorbity Index, age, number of previous surgeries and laboratory infection markers. There was no statistically significant influence of the duration of the spacer interval on the infection free survival (n=204, p=0.32). There was also no influence on mortality (n=204, p=0.35) and aseptic implant failure (n=204, p=0.15). Conclusions. The timely replantation of a knee or hip prosthesis seems to be reasonable in general because the patients are strongly limited in their mobility and daily activities by the spacer. However, there does not seem to be a negative influence on infection eradication and survival due to a long spacer interval

Aims. Calprotectin (CLP) is produced in neutrophils and monocytes and released into body fluids as a result of inflammation or infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of blood and synovial CLP in the diagnosis of chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Methods. Blood and synovial fluid samples were collected prospectively from 195 patients undergoing primary or revision hip and knee arthroplasty. Patients were divided into five groups: 1) primary total hip and knee arthroplasty performed due to idiopathic osteoarthritis (OA; n = 60); 2) revision hip and knee arthroplasty performed due to aseptic failure of the implant (AR-TJR; n = 40); 3) patients with a confirmed diagnosis of chronic PJI awaiting surgery (n = 45); 4) patients who have finished the first stage of the PJI treatment with the use of cemented spacer and were qualified for replantation procedure (SR-TJR; n = 25), and 5) patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing primary total hip and knee arthroplasty (RA; n = 25). CLP concentrations were measured quantitatively in the blood and synovial fluid using an immunoturbidimetric assay. Additionally, blood and synovial CRP, blood interleukin-6 (IL-6), and ESR were measured, and a leucocyte esterase (LE) strip test was performed. Results. Patients with PJI had higher CLP concentrations than those undergoing aseptic revision in blood (median PJI 2.14 mg/l (interquartile range (IQR) 1.37 to 3.56) vs AR-TJR 0.66 mg/l (IQR 0.3 to 0.83); p < 0.001) and synovial fluid samples (median PJI 20.46 mg/l (IQR 14.3 to 22.36) vs AR-TJR 0.7 mg/l (IQR 0.41 to 0.95); p < 0.001). With a cut-off value of 1.0 mg/l, blood CLP showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 93.3%, 87.5%, 89.4%, and 92.1%, respectively. For synovial fluid with a cut-off value of 1.5 mg/l, these were 95.6%, 95%, 95.5%, and 95%, respectively. Conclusion. This small study suggests that synovial and blood CLP are useful markers in chronic PJI diagnosis with similar or higher sensitivity and specificity than routinely used markers such as CRP, ESR, IL-6, and LE. CLP was not useful to differentiate patients with PJI from those with rheumatoid arthritis. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(1):46–55

In amputation or amputation-like injuries of lower limbs, only in a few cases reconstructive treatment with microsurgery is encouraged, according to evaluation of lesion by Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS). Replantation cases may require substantial bone shortening, as consequence to seriousness of the trauma or a deliberate choice to enable primary vessel and nerve repair. Callus distraction technique by external fixation, circular or axial, is a common method for recover lengthening in these cases of replanted or revascularized extremities. We report six cases of lower limb replantation or revascularisation, with primary bone shortening from 3 to 7 cm and secondary lengthening by callus distraction. It was always obtained equalization of lower extremities, with successful rehabilitation of the patients and low onset of complications during treatment

We have studied the restoration of sensation in 24 patients after operations involving the digital nerves of the thumb. These comprised 10 neurorrhaphies, two nerve graftings, five replantations, one toe-to-thumb transfer and six neurovascular island flaps. The average follow-up period was 46 months. Greater sensitivity was found in the moving two-point discrimination (2PD) test than in the static 2PD test. The results of the Semmes-Weinstein test showed good correlation with the static 2PD test. Porter's letter test showed correlations with both 2PD tests, and the pulp-writing test showed good correlation with the moving 2PD test. The neurorrhaphy cases had the best results using the static 2PD and Semmes-Weinstein test, and had good restoration of sensation; the replantation cases were next best. After neurovascular island flaps, patients exhibited hypersensitivity, double sensation and distorted images on the pulp-writing test. Using this same test the nerve grafting cases had distorted touch perception and perceived a straight line as a curve. The pulp-writing test, using moving touch, is one method of examining mechanoreceptors and shows to what extent the patient perceives what touches the finger pulp; it gives a better indication of higher functions than the 2PD test

We studied the effects of irradiation on the reintegration of autologous osteoarticular grafts over a period of 24 weeks in a canine model. In 16 foxhounds the medial femoral condyle was resected, irradiated and immediately replanted. In the control group resection and replantation were performed without irradiation. Reintegration was assessed by macroscopic analysis, histology, radiography and gait analysis. Reintegration was equal at 12 weeks, but significantly inferior in the irradiated group after 24 weeks with delayed bone remodelling. The articular cartilage showed modest degeneration. Conventional radiography and histology showed corresponding changes. Limb function was adequate but the gait was inferior in the treated group

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of 3D-printed modular prostheses in patients who underwent joint-sparing limb salvage surgery (JSLSS) for malignant femoral diaphyseal bone tumours.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of fluorocarbon on the preservation of an amputated limb. The hind limbs of dogs were completely amputated through the mid-thigh; some were perfused with fluorocarbon, others with lactated Ringer's solution and some were not perfused at all. After six hours of ischaemia, all the limbs were replanted. Perfusion with fluorocarbon had an inhibitory effect on the anaerobic metabolism of an amputated limb, thus increasing the survival rate. Leakage of creatine phosphokinase from the replanted limb also was inhibited by perfusion with fluorocarbon. These effects were more striking when the amputated limb was perfused continuously rather than intermittently and when it was preserved in iced water rather than at room temperature; these measures helped to prevent replantation toxaemia and to preserve muscle function

Endoprosthetic replacement following oncological conditions has shown to be at higher risk of sceptical complications due to the use of implants of unusual size, major soft tissue loss and immunsupression. 373 patients have been treated at our institution for malignant tumours of the bone or soft tissue around the knee with a modular tumour-prostheses of the knee joint since their availability from 1978. Infection or septic complications were identified in 78 patients (20.9%). In 15 cases of superficial wound healing disturbances with a fistula simple excision and revision of the wound was performed. In 48 cases of deep periprosthetic infections patients underwent one-stage revision with explantation of the total prosthetic material except femoral and tibial stems, extensive debridement of the wound and replantation of the disinfected prostheses throughout one operation. In 8 patients two-stage revision of the prostheses was performed, using an antibiotic impregnated cement spacer and Steinmann nails. In 5 patients amputation of the affected limb was indicated, whereas 2 patients could be treated conservatively. Out of the patients treated by one-stage revision 16 developed recurrent infection and had to undergo consecutive surgery. After two-stage surgery 4 patients showed signs of septic recurrence. According to our results deep periprosthetic infection of tumour-prostheses primarily can be treated by one-stage revision, in recurrent infections, however, two-stage revision should be performed. We additionally suggest the use of local or pedicled muscle flaps to obtain better soft tissue coverage of the prostheses after infection

Microsurgical techniques have become useful in reconstructive surgeryn of the hand. Toe-to-hand transplantation is currently the procedure of choice for thumb loss reconstruction, as well traumatical as congenital. For a successful outcome meticulous planning is imperative and presumes a thorough knowledge of pertinent anatomy and surgical technique. The method of thumb reconstruction must be individualized and is dependent on the patient’s functional needs, age, and the level of the amputation. Postoperatvely, diligent nursing care is essential in assuring a positive outcome. From Nov. 1979 to Dec. 2001 53 second toe-to-hand transfers were performed at Center of Replantation of Limbs in Trzebnica/Poland. Mean age was 27 years. Males (79%) and manual workers (91%) dominated the series. The rate of failure was 5,5%. The transfer gave functionally acceptable thumb with 8–12 mm two poin discrimination, on average 55% of strength in pinching (compared with unaffected side), 35 degrees of range flexion (but with flexion contracture)and poor cosmesis. Second toe transfers are preferable in cases with proximal thumb amputations, and in children. Their main advantage is the minimal morbidity of the donor site